施钾对花期干旱胁迫下芝麻抗旱性的影响及其机制研究

全球气候的变化导致未来干旱频繁爆发，江西红壤旱地资源丰富，芝麻是红壤旱地生产中不可替代的作物。芝麻苗期相对耐旱，但开花结蒴期遭遇干旱，产量显著下降。红壤旱地肥力低，芝麻茎秆吸收大量钾素，红壤土钾素亏缺现象愈发严重。钾作为植物生长发育必需的三大元素之一，能提高植物体内细胞渗透压和膨胀压，减少水分蒸发，提高作物抗旱性。.因此，本研究选用江西红壤旱地芝麻主要栽培品种为材料，设置花期干旱10d与施钾量试验，研究干旱胁迫下施钾对芝麻光合特性、渗透调节、活性氧代谢、基因表达及产量品质的影响，旨在探明钾影响芝麻抗旱能力的作用机制，为适应全球气候变化土壤干旱情况下的芝麻高产优质栽培提供关键的技术储备，同时为芝麻抗旱新品种培育工作奠定理论基础。

The global climate change has led to frequent droughts in the future. Jiangxi is rich in red soil dryland resources and sesame is an irreplaceable crop cultivated in this dryland. Although sesame is relatively drought-tolerant in seedling stage,the drought occurred in the flowering period would result in a significant decline in yield. Red soil has low fertility and sesame stem absorbs a large amount of potassium, which aggravates the trend of potassium deficiency in red soil. Potassium, as one of the three essential elements for plant growth and development, can increase the cell osmotic pressure and expansion pressure in plants, reduce water evaporation, and improve crop drought resistance..In this study, the main cultivar of sesame in Jiangxi red soil dryland were used as materials, and 10 days of drought duration in flowering stage with potassium application rate were set to study the effects of potassium application on photosynthesis characteristics, osmotic regulation, Reactive oxygen metabolism, gene expression, yield and quality under drought stress. We will explore the mechanism of drought resistance subjected to potassium, to provides a key technical for the high-yield and quality cultivation of sesame in response to global climate change and soil drought, and to lay the theoretical foundation for the cultivation of new sesame varieties with drought resistance.