Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Electricity Generation in the US: Health Impacts by Race, Income, and Geography.
Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Electricity Generation in the US: Health Impacts by Race, Income, and Geography.
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美国发电造成的细颗粒空气污染：种族、收入和地理对健康的影响。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b02527
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. Marshall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maninder P S Thind;C. Tessum;I. Azevedo;J. Marshall
发电是造成细颗粒物（PM2.5）空气污染的主要原因。然而，由此产生的暴露的人口分布在很大程度上是未知的。我们根据收入和种族，对美国七个区域输电组织（RTOs）中的每个州、每个州的发电PM2.5暴露和健康影响进行了估计。我们发现黑人的平均暴露量最高，其次是非拉丁裔白人。其余人群（如亚洲人、美洲原住民、拉丁美洲人）的暴露量略低。在每个收入类别中都观察到种族/民族差异，这表明即使在考虑收入差异之后，种族/民族差异仍然存在。差距程度因州和地区而异。低收入人群的暴露程度高于高收入人群，但种族差异比收入差异更大。从地理上看，我们观察到发电地区和人们经历PM2.5造成的健康后果之间存在巨大差异；一些州是健康影响的净出口国，另一些州是净进口国。对美国36个州来说，大部分健康影响可归因于其他州的排放。大部分的影响是由煤炭造成的，而不是其他燃料。
Electricity generation is a large contributor to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. However, the demographic distribution of the resulting exposure is largely unknown. We estimate exposures to and health impacts of PM2.5 from electricity generation in the US, for each of the seven Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs), for each US state, by income and by race. We find that average exposures are the highest for blacks, followed by non-Latino whites. Exposures for remaining groups (e.g., Asians, Native Americans, Latinos) are somewhat lower. Disparities by race/ethnicity are observed for each income category, indicating that the racial/ethnic differences hold even after accounting for differences in income. Levels of disparity differ by state and RTO. Exposures are higher for lower-income than for higher-income, but disparities are larger by race than by income. Geographically, we observe large differences between where electricity is generated and where people experience the resulting PM2.5 health consequences; some states are net exporters of health impacts, other are net importers. For 36 US states, most of the health impacts are attributable to emissions in other states. Most of the total impacts are attributable to coal rather than other fuels.
影响因子：
27.6
作者：
Hill, Jason;Goodkind, Andrew;Marshall, Julian
通讯作者：
Marshall, Julian