How are airborne allergens remembered by the immune system?
How are airborne allergens remembered by the immune system?
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免疫系统如何记住空气中的过敏原？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.014
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kita,Hirohito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kita,Hirohito
哮喘和过敏性疾病患者因环境暴露于变应原或某些传染性疾病而出现反复和持续的呼吸道症状的原因尚不完全清楚。免疫反应分为两部分：先天免疫和29获得性免疫。一般来说，先天免疫反应迅速，但对病原体的特异性较低，30而获得性免疫发展较慢，但更具特异性，并建立免疫记忆。由基因重组和克隆性扩展32介导的免疫记忆是获得性免疫的一个独特特征。然而，先天免疫也可能表现出33种记忆反应，尽管它可能使用不同的和不太特异的机制。例如，34种没有适应性免疫系统的无脊椎动物(如蚊子和大黄蜂)和植物会对再次感染相同的病原体产生记忆反应。1在动物模型中，36感染或接种某些微生物产品[如卡介苗、白色念珠菌、脂多糖和β-葡聚糖]可独立于适应性免疫预防感染38。1在人类中，新生儿接种卡介苗不仅可以预防结核病，还可以预防其他40种病原体引起的呼吸道病毒和败血症。2这些先前的发现提示先天免疫中存在免疫记忆。最近提出了“训练有素的免疫”的概念，以定义先天免疫对以前接触微生物或其产物的长期适应，或事实上的先天免疫记忆。从疾病的角度来看，“训练有素的免疫力”是有益的，因为它提高了宿主对病原体后续感染的防御能力。然而，它也可能是有害的，并导致过度活跃的免疫反应或慢性炎症。46在哮喘和过敏性疾病中，获得性免疫细胞通过产生抗原特异性的Th2型CD4+T细胞和IgE抗体来调节对过敏原的免疫记忆。在第48期的过敏和临床免疫学杂志上，Lechner等人证明了先天49
The reason patients with asthma and allergic diseases have recurrent and persistent 27 respiratory symptoms in response to environmental exposure to allergens or certain infectious 28 agents has not been fully understood. Immune responses are divided into two arms: innate and 29 adaptive immunity. In general, innate immunity reacts rapidly but less specifically to pathogens, 30 whereas adaptive immunity is slower to develop but more specific and builds up immunological 31 memory. Immunological memory that is mediated by gene recombination and clonal expansion 32 is a unique feature of adaptive immunity. However, innate immunity might also demonstrate 33 memory responses while it may use different and less specific mechanisms. For example, 34 invertebrates (eg, mosquitos and bumble bees) and plants, which do not have adaptive immune 35 systems, generate memory responses to reinfection with the same pathogens. 1 In animal models, 36 an infection or vaccination with certain microbial products [eg, Bacille Calmette-Guerin 37 (BCG), Candida albicans, lipopolysaccharide, and β-glucan] can protect against infections 38 independent of adaptive immunity. 1 In humans, BCG vaccination in newborn children provides 39 protection not only against tuberculosis but also respiratory viruses and sepsis induced by other 40 pathogens. 2 These previous findings suggest the presence of immunological memory in innate 41 immunity. The concept of “trained immunity” has been proposed recently to define a long-term 42 adaptation of innate immunity to previous exposure to microbes or their products or a de facto 43 innate immune memory. 1, 3 From the disease perspective,“trained immunity” is beneficial as it 44 improves the host’s defense against subsequent infection from pathogens. However, it could also 45 be detrimental and result in overly active immune responses or chronic inflammation. 46 In asthma and allergic diseases, adaptive immune cells mediate immunological memory 47 to allergens by producing antigen-specific Th2-type CD4+ T cells and IgE antibodies. In an issue 48 of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Lechner et al demonstrated that innate 49
“1972政权”日本安保体系下的台湾（中文）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Barrett;B;Ohta;H.;and Trencher;G. "Prospects for Acceleration of Socio-Technical Transitions for Deep Decarbonization," pp. 400-414;青山瑠妙;福田円;舒旻「中国：EUとの脆弱な相互依存」pp. 247-271;福田円;青山瑠妙;青山瑠妙;青山瑠妙;福田円;青山瑠妙;福田円
通讯作者：
福田円
酵母 his3 基因的启动子元件、调节元件和染色质结构。
DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.104
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology
影响因子：
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作者：
Struhl,K
通讯作者：
Struhl,K