Rule-based and information-integration category learning in normal aging.
Rule-based and information-integration category learning in normal aging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.008
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发表时间：
2010-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schnyer DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maddox WT;Pacheco J;Reeves M;Zhu B;Schnyer DM
基底神经节和前额叶皮层在类别学习中起着关键作用。这两个区域的证据与年龄有关的结构和功能下降。本研究探讨了一组老年人和年轻人的基于规则和信息整合的类别学习。基于规则的学习被认为涉及外显的、额叶介导的过程，而信息整合被认为涉及内隐的、纹状体介导的过程。作为一个群体，老年人表现出基于规则和信息整合的缺陷。应用了一系列模型，这些模型提供了对用于解决任务的策略类型的见解。有趣的是，当分析仅关注在最后一组试验中使用任务适当策略的参与者时，与年龄相关的基于规则的缺陷消失了，而信息整合缺陷仍然存在。对于这组人，最后块信息整合赤字是由于不太一致的应用程序的任务适当的策略，由老年人，并在学习过程中，这些老年人从一个明确的假设测试策略转移到任务适当的策略，后来在学习。此外，使用的任务适当的策略与较少的干扰和更好的抑制控制规则为基础的和信息的信息学习，而使用的任务适当的策略与更大的工作记忆和更好的新的口头学习仅为规则为基础的任务。这些结果表明，正常老化的影响这两种形式的类别学习，有一些重要的相似性和差异，这些赤字的解释位点。数据还支持一个两个组件模型的信息整合类学习，包括纹状体组件介导的程序为基础的学习，和前额叶皮质组件，介导的过渡从假设测试到程序为基础的策略。独立与互动的类别学习系统的影响进行了讨论。
The basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex play critical roles in category learning. Both regions evidence age-related structural and functional declines. The current study examined rule-based and information-integration category learning in a group of older and younger adults. Rule-based learning is thought to involve explicit, frontally mediated processes, whereas information-integration is thought to involve implicit, striatally mediated processes. As a group, older adults showed rule-based and information-integration deficits. A series of models were applied that provided insights onto the type of strategy used to solve the task. Interestingly, when the analyses focused only on participants who used the task appropriate strategy in the final block of trials, the age-related rule-based deficit disappeared whereas the information-integration deficit remained. For this group of individuals, the final block information-integration deficit was due to less consistent application of the task appropriate strategy by older adults, and over the course of learning these older adults shifted from an explicit hypothesis-testing strategy to the task appropriate strategy later in learning. In addition, the use of the task appropriate strategy was associated with less interference and better inhibitory control for rule-based and information-information learning, whereas use of the task appropriate strategy was associated with greater working memory and better new verbal learning only for the rule-based task. These results suggest that normal aging impacts both forms of category learning and that there are some important similarities and differences in the explanatory locus of these deficits. The data also support a two-component model of information-integration category learning that includes a striatal component that mediated procedural-based learning, and a prefrontal cortical component that mediates the transition from hypothesis-testing to procedural-based strategies. Implications for independent vs. interactive category learning systems are discussed.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617701711010
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