Manipulation of walnuts to facilitate opening by the great spotted woodpecker (Picoides major): is it tool use?

Manipulation of walnuts to facilitate opening by the great spotted woodpecker (Picoides major): is it tool use?
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大斑啄木鸟操纵核桃以方便打开核桃:是使用工具吗?

DOI:
10.1007/s10071-013-0695-y
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Zhen, Shen
Zhen, Shen
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xianfeng, Yi;Michael A, Steele;Zhen, Shen

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在一些鸟类物种中已经记录了真正的工具使用,但据我们所知,啄木鸟还没有表现出来。在这里,我们调查的能力Picoides major打开坚果juglansmandshuricby始终插入核桃之间的树枝在一个特定的位置,促进坚果开放。正如在这些鸟类中所看到的那样,我们发现啄木鸟啄走了96%的J. mandshurica从实验种子托盘和插入每一个坚果在精确的位置,特别是允许坚果开裂。当我们将坚果插入另一个位置时,啄木鸟会操纵并重新定位坚果,以允许坚果打开。相比之下,当我们把坚果插入坚果打开的位置时,啄木鸟并没有改变它们的位置,而是打开了坚果。我们认为,这种行为的起源,在其他形式的工具使用,可能需要在这些鸟类更高的认知能力。
True tool use has been documented in some bird species, but to our knowledge, it has not been shown in woodpeckers. Here, we investigated the ability ofPicoides majorto open nuts ofJuglansmandshuricaby consistently inserting walnuts between tree branches in a specific position that facilitated nut opening. As seen in these birds, we showed that woodpeckers removed 96 % of the nuts ofJ. mandshuricafrom experimental seed trays and inserted each nut in a precise position that specifically allowed nut cracking. When we inserted nuts in an alternative position, woodpeckers manipulated and repositioned nuts to allow nut opening. In contrast, when we inserted the nuts in positions preferred for nut opening, woodpeckers did not alter their position and instead opened the nuts. We suggest that the origin of this behavior, as in other forms of tool use, likely requires a higher cognitive ability in these birds.
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