Size‐specific grazing and competitive interactions between large salps and protistan grazers

Size‐specific grazing and competitive interactions between large salps and protistan grazers
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大型樽海鞘和原生食草动物之间的尺寸特异性放牧和竞争性相互作用

DOI:
10.1002/lno.11770
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Andres
Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Andres
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stukel, Michael R.;Décima, Moira;Selph, Karen E.;Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Andres

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我们调查了竞争salpa thompsoni和原生动物之间的食草动物在拉格朗日实验在南大洋的西南太平洋部门的副热带锋附近。在一个月内,salp社区从占主导地位的大(> 100 mm)的卵虫和小(< 20 mm)的囊胚到大(~ 60 mm)的囊胚。浮游植物生物量始终由微型和微型浮游植物(> 2μm细胞)主导。使用珠校准的流式细胞术光散射来估计浮游植物的大小,我们量化了特定大小的salp和原生生物浮游动物的摄食压力。海鞘能够以> 10,000:1的捕食者:猎物大小(线性尺寸)比率进食。小的类胚体有效地保留了> 1.4μm的细胞(微微浮游生物尺寸的高端,0.6-2μm细胞),并且还从较小的细菌大小的细胞中获得了大量营养。较大的海鞘只能有效地捕食大于5.9μm的细胞,而基本上不能捕食微微型浮游生物。然而,由于纳米和微型浮游植物的高生物量,所有的海鞘都从这些较大的自养生物中获得了大部分(基于浮游植物的)营养。这些猎物项目的主要竞争对手,吞噬原生生物消耗约50%的生物量的所有浮游植物的大小类每天。使用贝叶斯统计框架,我们开发了一个salp清除率作为salp和猎物大小的函数的异速生长方程: 其中ESD为猎物等效球径(µm),TL为S。全裂长度φ= 5.6 × 10−3± 3.6 × 10−4,ε = 2.1 ± 0.13,θ= 0.58 ± 0.08,γ= 0.46 ± 0.03,清除率L d-1 salp-1。我们讨论了海鞘,磷虾和原生动物之间的竞争性相互作用的地球化学和食物网的影响。
We investigated competition betweenSalpa thompsoniand protistan grazers during Lagrangian experiments near the Subtropical Front in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Over a month, the salp community shifted from dominance by large (> 100 mm) oozooids and small (< 20 mm) blastozooids to large (~ 60 mm) blastozooids. Phytoplankton biomass was consistently dominated by nano‐ and microphytoplankton (> 2μm cells). Using bead‐calibrated flow‐cytometry light scatter to estimate phytoplankton size, we quantified size‐specific salp and protistan zooplankton grazing pressure. Salps were able to feed at a > 10,000 : 1 predator : prey size (linear‐dimension) ratio. Small blastozooids efficiently retained cells > 1.4μm (high end of picoplankton size, 0.6–2μm cells) and also obtained substantial nutrition from smaller bacteria‐sized cells. Larger salps could only feed efficiently on > 5.9μm cells and were largely incapable of feeding on picoplankton. Due to the high biomass of nano‐ and microphytoplankton, however, all salps derived most of their (phytoplankton‐based) nutrition from these larger autotrophs. Phagotrophic protists were the dominant competitors for these prey items and consumed approximately 50% of the biomass of all phytoplankton size classes each day. Using a Bayesian statistical framework, we developed an allometric‐scaling equation for salp clearance rates as a function of salp and prey size: where ESD is prey equivalent spherical diameter (µm), TL isS. thompsonitotal length,φ= 5.6 × 10−3± 3.6 × 10−4,ψ= 2.1 ± 0.13,θ= 0.58 ± 0.08, andγ= 0.46 ± 0.03 and clearance rate is L d‐1salp‐1. We discuss the biogeochemical and food‐web implications of competitive interactions among salps, krill, and protozoans.
南大洋铁诱导浮游植物大量繁殖期间浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物放牧之间的渐进脱钩(EIFEX)
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