Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders.

Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrn3114
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发表时间:
2011-11-03
影响因子:
34.7
通讯作者:
Zlokovic, Berislav V.
Zlokovic, Berislav V.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zlokovic, Berislav V.

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神经血管单位(NVU)包括脑内皮细胞、周细胞或血管平滑肌细胞、神经胶质和神经元。NVU控制血脑屏障(BBB)的渗透性和脑血流,并保持神经元“微环境”的化学组成,这是神经元回路正常运作所必需的。最近的证据表明,血脑屏障功能障碍与脑实质内几种血管毒性和神经毒性分子的积累、脑血流量减少和缺氧有关。总之,这些血管源性损伤可能引发和/或促成神经元变性。本文探讨了神经退行性疾病,特别是阿尔茨海默氏病的BBB功能障碍的机制,并强调了与这些神经血管缺陷有关的治疗机会。
The neurovascular unit (NVU) comprises brain endothelial cells, pericytes or vascular smooth muscle cells, glia and neurons. The NVU controls blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral blood flow, and maintains the chemical composition of the neuronal ‘milieu’, which is required for proper functioning of neuronal circuits. Recent evidence indicates that BBB dysfunction is associated with the accumulation of several vasculotoxic and neurotoxic molecules within brain parenchyma, a reduction in cerebral blood flow, and hypoxia. Together, these vascular-derived insults might initiate and/or contribute to neuronal degeneration. This article examines mechanisms of BBB dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer’s disease, and highlights therapeutic opportunities relating to these neurovascular deficits.
淀粉样蛋白β动力学与受伤的人脑中的神经系统状况相关。
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