A solution to the collective action problem in between-group conflict with within-group inequality.
A solution to the collective action problem in between-group conflict with within-group inequality.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms4526
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发表时间：
2014-03-26
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Fortunato, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gavrilets, Sergey;Fortunato, Laura
在包括人类在内的许多社会有机体中，与邻近群体在领土、交配机会和其他资源上的同种物种发生冲突。在这里，我们研究了社会本能的进化起源，因为它是在集体行动问题存在的情况下，由群体间冲突导致的选择所塑造的。我们关注个体之间的差异对进化动力学的影响。我们的理论模型预测，在群体内部互动中能够篡夺不成比例的资源份额的高级别个体，在群体之间的冲突中似乎会采取利他主义的行为，花费更多的努力，而且往往比低级别的群体成员繁殖成功更低。动机更强、力量更强或成本更低的人，或者处于领导地位的人，也会有类似的行为。我们的理论也为经典公平理论提供了进化基础，并对强制性领导的起源和生殖扭曲理论具有启示意义。在许多群居生物体中，地位高的个体充当欺凌弱小的角色，篡夺了更大份额的资源。在这里，加夫里莱茨和福图纳托表明，在群体之间的冲突中，这样的个人将花费更多的努力来实现群体的成功，并比他们的群体成员付出更高的代价。
Conflict with conspecifics from neighbouring groups over territory, mating opportunities and other resources is observed in many social organisms, including humans. Here we investigate the evolutionary origins of social instincts, as shaped by selection resulting from between-group conflict in the presence of a collective action problem. We focus on the effects of the differences between individuals on the evolutionary dynamics. Our theoretical models predict that high-rank individuals, who are able to usurp a disproportional share of resources in within-group interactions, will act seemingly altruistically in between-group conflict, expending more effort and often having lower reproductive success than their low-rank group-mates. Similar behaviour is expected for individuals with higher motivation, higher strengths or lower costs, or for individuals in a leadership position. Our theory also provides an evolutionary foundation for classical equity theory, and it has implications for the origin of coercive leadership and for reproductive skew theory. In many group-living organisms high-rank individuals act as bullies usurping a greater share of resources. Here, Gavrilets and Fortunato show that in between-group conflicts such individuals will expend more effort towards the group’s success and pay higher costs than their group-mates.
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