Genome-wide transcriptional response of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis to infection with the deadly chytrid fungus.
Genome-wide transcriptional response of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis to infection with the deadly chytrid fungus.
复制标题
全基因组全基因组的转录反应（Xenopus）热带对致命的Chytrid真菌感染。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0006494
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发表时间：
2009-08-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eisen MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenblum EB;Poorten TJ;Settles M;Murdoch GK;Robert J;Maddox N;Eisen MB
新出现的传染病引起野生动物和人类的高度关注。最近在自然种群中发现了几种高毒力的真菌病原体，这凸显了更好地了解真菌-脊椎动物宿主-病原体相互作用的必要性。由于大多数真菌病原体在没有其他诱发条件的情况下并不致命，因此致命真菌病原体的宿主-病原体动力学特别令人感兴趣。壶菌 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis（以下简称 Bd）感染野外数百种青蛙。它遍布世界各地，是当前全球两栖动物数量下降的重要原因。然而，Bd 导致两栖动物死亡的机制以及宿主对 Bd 感染的反应仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们使用全基因组微阵列来监测模型青蛙物种热带青蛙（非洲爪蟾）对 Bd 感染的转录反应，这种青蛙对壶菌病敏感。为了阐明对 Bd 的免疫反应并评估壶菌病的生理影响，我们测量了暴露于 Bd 后多种组织（肝脏、皮肤、脾脏）的基因表达变化。我们检测到参与生理过程的基因有强烈的转录反应，这有助于在有机体水平上解释壶菌病的一些临床症状。然而，令人惊讶的是，我们发现很少有证据表明对 Bd 暴露有免疫反应，这表明这种易感物种可能没有针对 Bd 产生有效的先天和适应性免疫反应。免疫反应较弱的部分原因可能是实验的热条件，该条件最适合 Bd 的生长。然而，与对照青蛙相比，暴露于 Bd 的青蛙中许多免疫基因表现出表达降低，这表明 Bd 对免疫系统的影响比简单的温度介导的免疫抑制更复杂。这项研究为持续努力了解易感和抗性青蛙物种之间对 Bd 的反应差异以及壶菌病对自然种群的影响提供了重要的基线数据。
Emerging infectious diseases are of great concern for both wildlife and humans. Several highly virulent fungal pathogens have recently been discovered in natural populations, highlighting the need for a better understanding of fungal-vertebrate host-pathogen interactions. Because most fungal pathogens are not fatal in the absence of other predisposing conditions, host-pathogen dynamics for deadly fungal pathogens are of particular interest. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter Bd) infects hundreds of species of frogs in the wild. It is found worldwide and is a significant contributor to the current global amphibian decline. However, the mechanism by which Bd causes death in amphibians, and the response of the host to Bd infection, remain largely unknown. Here we use whole-genome microarrays to monitor the transcriptional responses to Bd infection in the model frog species, Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis, which is susceptible to chytridiomycosis. To elucidate the immune response to Bd and evaluate the physiological effects of chytridiomycosis, we measured gene expression changes in several tissues (liver, skin, spleen) following exposure to Bd. We detected a strong transcriptional response for genes involved in physiological processes that can help explain some clinical symptoms of chytridiomycosis at the organismal level. However, we detected surprisingly little evidence of an immune response to Bd exposure, suggesting that this susceptible species may not be mounting efficient innate and adaptive immune responses against Bd. The weak immune response may be partially explained by the thermal conditions of the experiment, which were optimal for Bd growth. However, many immune genes exhibited decreased expression in Bd-exposed frogs compared to control frogs, suggesting a more complex effect of Bd on the immune system than simple temperature-mediated immune suppression. This study generates important baseline data for ongoing efforts to understand differences in response to Bd between susceptible and resistant frog species and the effects of chytridiomycosis in natural populations.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Berger, L;Marantelli, G;Speare, R
通讯作者：
Speare, R
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Longcore, JE;Pessier, AP;Nichols, DK
通讯作者：
Nichols, DK
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506889103
发表时间：
2006-02-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lips, KR;Brem, F;Collins, JP
通讯作者：
Collins, JP
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Letterio, JJ;Lehrnbecher, T;Chanock, SJ
通讯作者：
Chanock, SJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y