A role for the cytoskeleton in heart looping.
A role for the cytoskeleton in heart looping.
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DOI：
10.1100/tsw.2007.87
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发表时间：
2007-02-19
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vanauker M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linask KK;Vanauker M
在过去的10年里，参与胚胎左右侧化途径的关键基因已经被确定。偏侧基因错误表达的读数通常是心脏循环的方向。右旋成环方向如何在机械上发生以及心管如何弯曲的问题仍然未知。从我们和其他人的实验中可以清楚地看出，第二心脏区域（前心脏区域）中细胞增殖的左右差异驱动了右旋方向。越来越多的证据表明，细胞骨架是偏侧性的中心，弯曲和旋转力与心脏循环有关。如果偏侧化通路在上游被调节，则包括非肌肉肌球蛋白II（NMHC-II）在内的细胞骨架在心肌细胞内的下游被改变，导致循环异常。细胞骨架与细胞生物学和发育中重要的机械传感和信号传导途径相关。循环期间血液流动的开始以及与流入心脏的血液体积增加相关的固有应力可能有助于加强该过程。近年来，心脏发育的这一中心和复杂过程中所涉及的步骤正在被解开，这是许多先天性心脏缺陷的基础。
Over the past 10 years, key genes involved in specification of left-right laterality pathways in the embryo have been defined. The read-out for misexpression of laterality genes is usually the direction of heart looping. The question of how dextral looping direction occurred mechanistically and how the heart tube bends remains unknown. It is becoming clear from our experiments and those of others that left-right differences in cell proliferation in the second heart field (anterior heart field) drives the dextral direction. Evidence is accumulating that the cytoskeleton is at the center of laterality, and the bending and rotational forces associated with heart looping. If laterality pathways are modulated upstream, the cytoskeleton, including nonmuscle myosin II (NMHC-II), is altered downstream within the cardiomyocytes, leading to looping abnormalities. The cytoskeleton is associated with important mechanosensing and signaling pathways in cell biology and development. The initiation of blood flow during the looping period and the inherent stresses associated with increasing volumes of blood flowing into the heart may help to potentiate the process. In recent years, the steps involved in this central and complex process of heart development that is the basis of numerous congenital heart defects are being unraveled.
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