Seagrass distribution, areal cover, and changes (1990–2021) in coastal waters off West-Central Florida, USA

Seagrass distribution, areal cover, and changes (1990–2021) in coastal waters off West-Central Florida, USA
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美国佛罗里达州中西部沿海水域的海草分布、面积覆盖和变化(1990 年至 2021 年)

DOI:
10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108134
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Coastal and Shelf Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Muller-Karger, Frank E.
Muller-Karger, Frank E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lizcano-Sandoval, Luis;Anastasiou, Christopher;Montes, Enrique;Raulerson, Gary;Sherwood, Edward;Muller-Karger, Frank E.

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佛罗里达中西部(美国)的海草草甸,位于北纬27°3′至28°12′之间;西经82°24′至82°50′之间,由联邦、州和地方团体密切监测底栖生物组成、密度和面积覆盖(范围)。两年一次的航空测绘、每年一次的实地调查和每月一次的水质测量为管理和保护行动提供信息。在这里,我们利用多个卫星图像产品的完整档案(即,Landsat-5、Landsat-7、Landsat-8和Sentinel-2成像传感器数据)重建佛罗里达中西部四个地区(圣约瑟夫湾、清水港、坦帕湾和萨拉索塔湾)的海草面积覆盖估计(1990-2021年)。谷歌地球引擎(GEE)中托管的卫星图像使用半自动化过程进行筛选,以确定低云量(<40%)以及清晰的大气和水条件,然后进行目视检查。满足这些海草制图条件的图像可用了16年:1990年,1992年,1996年,1999年,2000年,2004-2006年,2010年和2015-2021年。每个区域海草面积覆盖的天基时间序列与航空制图估计数呈正相关(r > 0.61)。在1990-2021年期间,卫星得出的估计显示,海草面积覆盖在坦帕湾增加了24.3平方公里(34.4%),在圣约瑟夫湾增加了18.0平方公里(74.1%),在克利尔沃特增加了6.3平方公里(182.6%),在萨拉索塔增加了1.3平方公里(5.3%)。总的来说,从1990年到2021年,整个区域的海草面积覆盖面积增加了49.9平方公里(40.6%),即每年增加1.4%。2020年之前海草面积覆盖的增加与整个地区水质的改善相一致(即,叶绿素-A、磷、氮浓度和浊度的普遍降低)。全球生态系统中公开提供的卫星数据集为资源管理人员提供了进行天气和重复海草覆盖评估的补充和独特工具。这是监测全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)海草覆盖基本海洋变量(EOV)的重要方法。
Seagrass meadows of West-Central Florida (USA), between 27°3′N – 28°12′N; 82°24′W – 82°50′W, are closely monitored by federal, state, and local groups for benthic composition, density, and areal cover (extent). Biennial aerial mapping, annual in situ surveys, and monthly water quality measurements inform management and conservation actions. Here we leverage a complete archive of multiple satellite imagery products (i.e., Landsat-5, Landsat-7, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 imaging sensor data) to reconstruct seagrass areal cover estimates (1990–2021) in four regions of West-Central Florida: St. Joseph Sound, Clearwater Harbor, Tampa Bay, and Sarasota Bay. Satellite imagery hosted in Google Earth Engine (GEE) was screened for low cloud cover (<40%), and clear atmosphere and water conditions using a semi-automated process followed by visual inspection. Imagery meeting these conditions for seagrass mapping was available for 16 years: 1990, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2004–2006, 2010, and 2015–2021. Space-based time series of seagrass areal cover for each region showed a positive correlation with estimates from aerial mapping (r > 0.61). Over the period 1990–2021, satellite-derived estimates show seagrass areal cover increased by 24.3 km2(34.4%) in Tampa Bay, 18.0 km2(74.1%) in St. Joseph Sound, 6.3 km2(182.6%) in Clearwater, and 1.3 km2(5.3%) in Sarasota. Overall, the combined seagrass areal cover for the entire region increased by 49.9 km2(40.6%), or ∼1.4% yr−1, from 1990 through 2021. Increases in seagrass areal cover before 2020 coincide with improvements in water quality throughout the region (i.e., a general decrease in chlorophyll-a, phosphorous, nitrogen concentration, and turbidity). The publicly-available satellite datasets in GEE provide resource managers with complementary and unique tools for synoptic and repeated seagrass areal cover assessments. This is an important approach to monitor the seagrass cover Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS).
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