Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in exploration and exploitation.

Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in exploration and exploitation.
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DOI:
10.1038/nn.2342
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发表时间:
2009-08
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Moreno, Francisco
Moreno, Francisco
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frank, Michael J.;Doll, Bradley B.;Oas-Terpstra, Jen;Moreno, Francisco

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基底节支持学习利用过去产生积极结果的决定。相比之下,有限的证据表明,当潜在结果的大小未知时,前额叶皮质会做出战略性的探索性决定。在这里,我们使用时间决策任务和计算分析,检验了神经遗传学对激励人类行为的这些不同方面的个体差异的贡献。我们表明,控制纹状体多巴胺功能的基因(DARPP-32和DRD2)与开发性学习有关,以作为积极和消极决策结果的函数递增地调整反应时间。相比之下,一个主要控制前额叶多巴胺功能(COMT)的基因与一种特定类型的“定向探索”有关,在这种探索中,探索性决定是根据贝叶斯的不确定性做出的,即其他选择是否可能产生比现状更好的结果。定量模型拟合揭示了遗传因素对强化学习系统的独立参数的调节。
The basal ganglia support learning to exploit decisions that have yielded positive outcomes in the past. In contrast, limited evidence implicates the prefrontal cortex for making strategic exploratory decisions when the magnitude of potential outcomes is unknown. Here we examine neurogenetic contributions to individual differences in these distinct aspects of motivated human behavior, employing a temporal decision making task and computational analysis. We show that genes controlling striatal dopamine function (DARPP-32 and DRD2) are associated with exploitative learning to incrementally adjust response times as a function of positive and negative decision outcomes. In contrast, a gene primarily controlling prefrontal dopamine function (COMT) is associated with a particular type of “directed exploration”, in which exploratory decisions are made in proportion to Bayesian uncertainty about whether other choices might produce outcomes that are better than the status quo. Quantitative model fits reveal that genetic factors modulate independent parameters of a reinforcement learning system.
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