The Organization and Operation of Inferior Temporal Cortex.

The Organization and Operation of Inferior Temporal Cortex.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034202
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发表时间:
2018-09-15
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Conway BR
Conway BR
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Conway BR

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下颞叶皮层(IT)是腹侧视觉通路的关键部分,涉及物体,面孔和场景感知。但它是如何工作的呢?在这里,我描述了一个组织方案,婚姻的形式和功能,并为未来的研究提供了一个框架。该方案由一系列阶段组成,这些阶段沿着IT的后-前轴排列,由解剖连接和功能反应定义。每个阶段都包括一系列具有系统空间关系的次区域。每个阶段的组织由偏心率模板管理,并且跨阶段的相应偏心率表示是互连的。中央凹表征在高敏锐度物体视觉(包括面部识别)中发挥作用;中间表征计算物体视觉的其他方面,如行为效价(使用颜色和表面线索);外围表征编码有关场景的信息。这种多阶段的并行处理模式调用了一种由视觉经验提炼的先天决定的组织,这种组织与皮层发育的原则一致。该模型也符合进化的原则,这表明视觉皮层通过复制视网膜区域扩展。最后,该模型预测,最广泛研究的网络内IT的脸补丁,是不是唯一的,而是一个典型的一组操作,揭示了IT如何工作的一般原则的表现。
Inferior temporal cortex (IT) is a key part of the ventral visual pathway implicated in object, face, and scene perception. But how does IT work? Here, I describe an organizational scheme that marries form and function and provides a framework for future research. The scheme consists of a series of stages arranged along the posterior-anterior axis of IT, defined by anatomical connections and functional responses. Each stage comprises a complement of subregions that have a systematic spatial relationship. The organization of each stage is governed by an eccentricity template, and corresponding eccentricity representations across stages are interconnected. Foveal representations take on a role in high-acuity object vision (including face recognition); intermediate representations compute other aspects of object vision such as behavioral valence (using color and surface cues); and peripheral representations encode information about scenes. This multistage, parallel-processing model invokes an innately determined organization refined by visual experience that is consistent with principles of cortical development. The model is also consistent with principles of evolution, which suggest that visual cortex expanded through replication of retinotopic areas. Finally, the model predicts that the most extensively studied network within IT—the face patches—is not unique but rather one manifestation of a canonical set of operations that reveal general principles of how IT works.
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