Facile production of quercetin nanoparticles using 3D printed centrifugal flow reactors.
Facile production of quercetin nanoparticles using 3D printed centrifugal flow reactors.
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药物纳米晶体是由活性药物成分和少量表面稳定剂组成的递送系统。尽管在配方上提供了简单性，但它们的制造可能是一项具有挑战性的工作;当使用微流体装置进行生产时尤其如此。虽然微通道内的沉淀可能导致堵塞等问题，但微流体是一种有吸引力的制造方法，因为它提供了对混合条件的精细控制。与分批方法相比，这允许生产具有更窄尺寸分布和更高再现性的纳米颗粒。为了有效地生产微流体装置，复制模塑技术被认为是制造标准。由于其简单性和相对较低的成本，3D打印在实验室规模上已经变得普遍，特别是在新设备的迭代开发过程中。基于微流体的方法面临的一个挑战是，它们需要专门的设备和多步骤程序，使得没有经验的用户不太容易使用它们。在最近的一项研究中，我们开发了一种3D打印的流通式反应器，称为离心机反应器（RIAC）。它是一种简单的装置，设计用于安装在50 mL试管中，并使用实验室离心机驱动，从而消除了对专用仪器的需求。RIAC的生产能力已经通过脂质体和银纳米颗粒的可重复生产得到证明。本工作证明了使用具有直形和螺旋形通道结构的RIAC来生产具有治疗相关尺寸（190-302 nm）和非常低的尺寸分散性（多分散性指数，PDI < 0.1）的槲皮素纳米晶体。工作重点是评价操作参数（驱动速度）和配方组分（中等粘度和稳定剂类型）的变化如何影响粒度和PDI。在所有测试的条件下，所获得的纳米晶体具有更小的尺寸和更窄的尺寸分布，当与用替代方法生产的那些相比时。然而，所获得的槲皮素纳米混悬剂显示出有限的稳定性，这应该在未来的研究中解决。RIAC的简单性使其成为研究小组的一项有吸引力的技术，特别是在低资源环境中，并且没有微流体方面的专业知识。 开发了3D打印离心机反应器（RIAC）来生产药物纳米晶体。槲皮素纳米晶体在不同的操作和制剂条件下制备，并且具有小尺寸（190-302 nm）和低尺寸分散度（PDI < 0.1）。
Drug nanocrystals are a delivery system comprised of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, with small amounts of a surface stabilizer. Despite offering simplicity in formulation, their manufacture can be a challenging endeavour; this is especially true when the production is performed using microfluidic devices. Although precipitation within microchannels can lead to issues such as clogging, microfluidics is an appealing manufacturing method as it provides fine control over mixing conditions. This allows production of nanoparticles with a narrower size distribution and greater reproducibility compared to batch methods. To generate microfluidic devices cost effectively, replica moulding techniques are considered the manufacturing standard. Due to its simplicity and relatively low cost, 3D printing has become prevalent at the laboratory scale, especially during iterative development of new devices. A challenge of microfluidic-based methods is that they require specialized equipment and multi-step procedures, making them less accessible to users with no previous experience. In a recent study we developed a 3D printed flow-through reactor, referred to as reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC). It is a simple device designed to fit in a 50 mL tube and actuated using a laboratory centrifuge, which removes the need for specialized instrumentation. The manufacturing capabilities of the RIAC have been already proven, by reproducible production of liposomes and silver nanoparticles. The present work demonstrates the use of RIACs with a straight- and spiral-shaped channel architecture to produce quercetin nanocrystals, with therapeutically relevant size (190–302 nm) and very low size dispersity (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.1). The work focused on evaluating how changes in operational parameters (actuation speed) and formulation components (medium viscosity and stabilizer type), impacted on nanocrystal size and PDI. Under all tested conditions the obtained nanocrystals had a smaller size and narrower size distribution, when compared to those produced with alternative methods. The obtained quercetin nanosuspensions however showed limited stability, which should be addressed in future investigations. The simplicity of the RIAC makes it an appealing technology to research groups, especially in low-resource settings and without prior expertise in microfluidics. A 3D printed reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC) was developed to produce drug nanocrystals. Quercetin nanocrystals were manufactured at varying operational and formulation conditions, and had a small size (190–302 nm) and low size dispersity (PDI < 0.1).
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Alshora, Doaa H.;Ibrahim, Mohamed A.;Alanazi, Fars
通讯作者：
Alanazi, Fars
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-802926-8.00025-2
发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
NANOSCIENCE IN DERMATOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Attama, A. A.;Reginald-Opara, J. N.;Onuigbo, E. B.
通讯作者：
Onuigbo, E. B.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Bai, Shun;Li, Wen-Si;Chen, Jian-Feng
通讯作者：
Chen, Jian-Feng
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
DURAN, JDG;GUINDO, MC;GONZALEZCABALLERO, F
通讯作者：
GONZALEZCABALLERO, F
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bodratti AM;Alexandridis P
通讯作者：
Alexandridis P