Forging a Functional Cure for HIV: Transcription Regulators and Inhibitors.

Forging a Functional Cure for HIV: Transcription Regulators and Inhibitors.
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DOI:
10.3390/v14091980
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发表时间:
2022-09-07
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Valente ST
Valente ST
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mediouni S;Lyu S;Schader SM;Valente ST

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目前的抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)增加了艾滋病毒感染者的存活率,但它不是治愈性的。找到艾滋病毒的最终治愈方法的主要障碍是我们无法识别和消除含有休眠前病毒的长寿细胞,称为病毒库。当ART中断时,病毒库确保了异质性和随机的HIV病毒基因表达,这可以将感染重新接种到ART前的水平。虽然永久根除病毒的策略尚未取得重大成功,但最近的工作集中在管理这种残留病毒库,以有效限制与抑制性ART期间仍观察到的持续病毒转录相关的合并症,并限制每日ART的需求。我们的小组一直处于探索阻断和锁定缓解方法可行性的最前沿,重点是持久的病毒转录的表观遗传阻断,这样如果没有每日ART,就没有病毒反弹、传播或进展为艾滋病的风险。许多研究报道了HIV转录激活所需的病毒和宿主因子的抑制剂。在这里,我们强调和审查了一些最新的HIV转录抑制剂的发现,这些发现可能被用于临床探索阻断和锁定,并彻底改变我们治疗HIV感染的方式。
Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the survival of HIV-infected individuals, yet it is not curative. The major barrier to finding a definitive cure for HIV is our inability to identify and eliminate long-lived cells containing the dormant provirus, termed viral reservoir. When ART is interrupted, the viral reservoir ensures heterogenous and stochastic HIV viral gene expression, which can reseed infection back to pre-ART levels. While strategies to permanently eradicate the virus have not yet provided significant success, recent work has focused on the management of this residual viral reservoir to effectively limit comorbidities associated with the ongoing viral transcription still observed during suppressive ART, as well as limit the need for daily ART. Our group has been at the forefront of exploring the viability of the block-and-lock remission approach, focused on the long-lasting epigenetic block of viral transcription such that without daily ART, there is no risk of viral rebound, transmission, or progression to AIDS. Numerous studies have reported inhibitors of both viral and host factors required for HIV transcriptional activation. Here, we highlight and review some of the latest HIV transcriptional inhibitor discoveries that may be leveraged for the clinical exploration of block-and-lock and revolutionize the way we treat HIV infections.
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