APOBEC3B and AID have similar nuclear import mechanisms.

APOBEC3B and AID have similar nuclear import mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2012.03.011
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发表时间:
2012-06-22
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Harris, Reuben S.
Harris, Reuben S.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lackey, Lela;Demorest, Zachary L.;Land, Allison M.;Hultquist, Judd F.;Brown, William L.;Harris, Reuben S.

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APOBEC蛋白家族成员催化DNA胞嘧啶脱氨作用,并支撑多种免疫防御。例如,包括APOBEC3B在内的几个家族成员引发强烈的反转录转座子和逆转录病毒限制活性。然而,与其他蛋白质不同,APOBEC3B是唯一具有稳态核定位的家族成员。在此我们表明,APOBEC3B的核输入是一个主动过程,在一个类似于抗体基因多样化酶AID的核定位决定簇的N末端基序内至少需要一个氨基酸(缬氨酸54)。APOBEC3B与相同的输入蛋白亚群相互作用的能力进一步表明了与AID的机制保守性。尽管存在这些机制上的相似性,但强制表达APOBEC3B不能通过类别转换重组替代依赖AID的抗体基因多样化。在细胞周期进程中,APOBEC3B和AID之间的调控差异也很明显。我们的研究表明,在灵长类动物中APOBEC3基因座扩增期间,现今的APOBEC3B酶保留了一种祖先AID蛋白的核输入机制。我们的研究还强调了一种可能性,即在核输入之后,存在特定机制来引导这些酶作用于它们各自的生理底物,并防止无端的染色体DNA损伤。
Members of the APOBEC protein family catalyze DNA cytosine deamination and underpin a variety of immune defenses. For instance, several family members, including APOBEC3B, elicit strong retrotransposon and retrovirus restriction activities. However, unlike the other proteins, APOBEC3B is the only family member with steady-state nuclear localization. Here we show that APOBEC3B nuclear import is an active process requiring at least one amino acid (Val54) within an N-terminal motif analogous to the nuclear localization determinant of the antibody gene diversification enzyme AID. Mechanistic conservation with AID is further suggested by APOBEC3B’s capacity to interact with the same subset of importin proteins. Despite these mechanistic similarities, enforced APOBEC3B expression cannot substitute for AID-dependent antibody gene diversification by class switch recombination. Regulatory differences between APOBEC3B and AID are also visible during cell cycle progression. Our studies suggest that the present day APOBEC3B enzyme retained the nuclear import mechanism of an ancestral AID protein during the expansion of the APOBEC3 locus in primates. Our studies also highlight the likelihood that, after nuclear import, specialized mechanisms exist to guide these enzymes to their respective physiological substrates and prevent gratuitous chromosomal DNA damage.
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