Site-Specific Recombination - How Simple DNA Inversions Produce Complex Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Bacterial Populations.

Site-Specific Recombination - How Simple DNA Inversions Produce Complex Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Bacterial Populations.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.004
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发表时间:
2021-01
期刊:
Trends in genetics : TIG
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tamayo R
Tamayo R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Trzilova D;Tamayo R

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Many bacterial species generate phenotypically heterogeneous subpopulations as a strategy for ensuring survival of the population as a whole – an environmental stress that eradicates one subpopulation may leave other phenotypic groups unharmed, allowing the lineage to continue. Phase variation, a process that functions as an ON/OFF switch for gene expression, is one way that bacteria achieve phenotypic heterogeneity. Phase variation occurs stochastically and reversibly, and in the presence of a selective pressure, the advantageous phenotype(s) predominates in the population. Phase variation can occur through multiple genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. This review focuses on conservative site-specific recombination, reversible DNA inversions, as a genetic mechanism mediating phase variation. Recent studies have sparked a renewed interest in phase variation mediated through DNA inversion, revealing a high level of complexity beyond simple ON/OFF switching, unusual modes of gene regulation, and an underappreciation for the use of these mechanisms by bacteria.
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