Pyramidal cell axon initial segment in Alzheimer´s disease.

Pyramidal cell axon initial segment in Alzheimer´s disease.
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阿尔茨海默氏病的锥体细胞轴突初始段。

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-12700-9
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发表时间:
2022-05-24
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
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轴突起始段 (AIS) 是神经元的一个区域,对于动作电位的产生以及神经活动的调节至关重要。这种特殊的结构以不同类型的离子通道以及粘附、支架和细胞骨架蛋白的表达为特征,随着神经活动或病理条件的变化,其长度和位置会发生形态功能可塑性变化。在本研究中,使用 AT8 抗体(磷酸化 tau S202/T205)的免疫细胞化学和 3D 共聚焦显微镜重建技术对阿尔茨海默病患者的脑组织进行分析,我们发现,与来自同一患者的 AT8 阴性神经元相比,大约一半的具有过度磷酸化 tau 的皮质锥体神经元的 AIS 长度和位置发生了变化。 皮质层。我们观察到 tau 蛋白过度磷酸化的神经元存在多种 AIS 改变,尽管最常见的变化是 AIS 的近端移位或延长。在神经元含有过度磷酸化 tau 的非痴呆病例的新皮质组织中也发现了类似的结果。这些发现支持这样的观点,即磷酸 tau 蛋白的积累与 AIS 的结构改变有关,而 AIS 的结构改变可能会影响正常的神经元活动,从而可能导致 AD 中的神经元功能障碍。
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a region of the neuron that is critical for action potential generation as well as for the regulation of neural activity. This specialized structure—characterized by the expression of different types of ion channels as well as adhesion, scaffolding and cytoskeleton proteins—is subjected to morpho-functional plastic changes in length and position upon variations in neural activity or in pathological conditions. In the present study, using immunocytochemistry with the AT8 antibody (phospho-tau S202/T205) and 3D confocal microscopy reconstruction techniques in brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease patients, we found that around half of the cortical pyramidal neurons with hyperphosphorylated tau showed changes in AIS length and position in comparison with AT8-negative neurons from the same cortical layers. We observed a wide variety of AIS alterations in neurons with hyperphosphorylated tau, although the most common changes were a proximal shift or a lengthening of the AISs. Similar results were found in neocortical tissue from non-demented cases with neurons containing hyperphosphorylated tau. These findings support the notion that the accumulation of phospho-tau is associated with structural alterations of the AIS that are likely to have an impact on normal neuronal activity, which might contribute to neuronal dysfunction in AD.
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