How do energy stores and changes in these affect departure decisions by migratory birds? A critical view on stopover ecology studies and some future perspectives

How do energy stores and changes in these affect departure decisions by migratory birds? A critical view on stopover ecology studies and some future perspectives
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能量储存及其变化如何影响候鸟的离开决定?

DOI:
10.1007/s00359-017-1166-8
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Journal of Comparative Physiology A
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Eikenaar C.
Eikenaar C.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schmaljohann H;Eikenaar C.

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在鸟类中,飞行过程中积累能量的速度远远低于消耗能量的速度。因此,在迁徙过程中,鸟类大部分时间都在中途停留,为前一次飞行中使用的能量加油。这说明了为什么目前的能量储存和实际的积累能量的速度可能是关键因素影响鸟类的决定时,除了其他内在的(性别,年龄)和外在的(捕食,天气)因素调制的决定内的先天迁移程序恢复迁移。首先总结了如何能量存储和停留时间一般确定后,我们批判性地审查,高能量存储和低速率的积累能量显着相关的高离开概率在几个鸟群。然而,也有许多研究表明根本没有效果。最近的无线电跟踪研究强调,移徙者离开一个地点,或者是为了继续移徙,或者是为了寻找更好的中途停留地点,即所谓的“景观移动”。错误地将这种运动视为偏离增加了第二类错误的可能性,这可能错误地表明任何一种特征对偏离都没有影响。此外,我们建议,在以前的迁徙飞行中的能量损失与鸟类目前的能量储存和迁移策略显着影响其敦促加油,因此其出发的决定。
In birds, accumulating energy is far slower than spending energy during flight. During migration, birds spend, therefore, most of the time at stopover refueling energy used during the previous flight. This elucidates why current energy stores and actual rate of accumulating energy are likely crucial factors influencing bird’s decision when to resume migration in addition to other intrinsic (sex, age) and extrinsic (predation, weather) factors modulating the decision within the innate migration program. After first summarizing how energy stores and stopover durations are generally determined, we critically review that high-energy stores and low rates of accumulating energy were significantly related to high departure probabilities in several bird groups. There are, however, also many studies showing no effect at all. Recent radio-tracking studies highlighted that migrants leave a site either to resume migration or to search for a better stopover location, so-called “landscape movements”. Erroneously treating such movements as departures increases the likelihood of type II errors which might mistakenly suggest no effect of either trait on departure. Furthermore, we propose that energy loss during the previous migratory flight in relation to bird’s current energy stores and migration strategy significantly affects its urge to refuel and hence its departure decision.
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