Flight modes in migrating European bee-eaters: heart rate may indicate low metabolic rate during soaring and gliding.
Flight modes in migrating European bee-eaters: heart rate may indicate low metabolic rate during soaring and gliding.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0013956
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发表时间：
2010-11-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nathan R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sapir N;Wikelski M;McCue MD;Pinshow B;Nathan R
许多鸟类在陆地上翱翔和滑翔。来自大型鸟类（m B>0.9 kg）的证据表明，就能量而言，滑翔滑翔比扑翼飞行便宜得多，并且成本约为基础代谢率（BMR）的两到三倍。然而，滑翔滑翔被认为是不利的小型鸟类，因为在滑翔滑翔过程中，小型鸟类的迁移速度被认为低于扑翼飞行。尽管如此，一些小型鸟类经常翱翔和滑翔。为了估计小鸟滑翔飞行的能量成本，我们使用无线电遥测技术测量了自由迁徙的欧洲食蜂鸟（Merops apiaster，m B 55 g）的心跳频率，并建立了心跳之间的关系。实验室中的心跳频率和代谢率（通过间接测热法）。在持续的翱翔滑翔的心脏跳动频率是2.2至2.5倍，低于扑翼飞行，但类似的，并没有显着不同，在休息的鸟类。我们估计，欧洲蜂虎的滑翔代谢率约为基础代谢率（BMR）的两倍，这与黑眉信天翁Thalassarche（以前的Diomedea）melanophrys，m B约4 kg）的估计值相似。我们发现滑翔-滑翔的迁移速度与拍动迁移速度没有显著差异。我们没有发现任何证据表明滑翔速度比蜂虎的扑翼飞行慢，这与早期的估计相矛盾，该估计暗示了使用滑翔而不是扑翼飞行的迁移速度惩罚。此外，我们认为，小型鸟类翱翔和滑翔在迁移，繁殖，扩散，和其他阶段的年度周期，因为它可能需要一个低的能源成本的运输。我们建议，无论鸟的大小，从理论上推导出早期的研究，滑翔的能量成本可能是成比例的BMR。
Many avian species soar and glide over land. Evidence from large birds (m b>0.9 kg) suggests that soaring-gliding is considerably cheaper in terms of energy than flapping flight, and costs about two to three times the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Yet, soaring-gliding is considered unfavorable for small birds because migration speed in small birds during soaring-gliding is believed to be lower than that of flapping flight. Nevertheless, several small bird species routinely soar and glide. To estimate the energetic cost of soaring-gliding flight in small birds, we measured heart beat frequencies of free-ranging migrating European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster, m b∼55 g) using radio telemetry, and established the relationship between heart beat frequency and metabolic rate (by indirect calorimetry) in the laboratory. Heart beat frequency during sustained soaring-gliding was 2.2 to 2.5 times lower than during flapping flight, but similar to, and not significantly different from, that measured in resting birds. We estimated that soaring-gliding metabolic rate of European bee-eaters is about twice their basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is similar to the value estimated in the black-browed albatross Thalassarche (previously Diomedea) melanophrys, m b∼4 kg). We found that soaring-gliding migration speed is not significantly different from flapping migration speed. We found no evidence that soaring-gliding speed is slower than flapping flight in bee-eaters, contradicting earlier estimates that implied a migration speed penalty for using soaring-gliding rather than flapping flight. Moreover, we suggest that small birds soar and glide during migration, breeding, dispersal, and other stages in their annual cycle because it may entail a low energy cost of transport. We propose that the energy cost of soaring-gliding may be proportional to BMR regardless of bird size, as theoretically deduced by earlier studies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1995.0146
发表时间：
1995-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bevan, RM;Butler, PJ;Prince, PA
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
56.9
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3.7
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影响因子：
56.9
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