An emerging map of glutamate delta 1 receptors in the forebrain.
An emerging map of glutamate delta 1 receptors in the forebrain.
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前脑中的谷氨酸三角洲1受体的新兴图。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108587
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Dravid SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrews PC;Dravid SM
谷氨酸δ 1（GluD 1）和谷氨酸δ 2（GluD 2）形成离子型谷氨酸受体的δ家族;这些蛋白质在突触结构、运动行为和认知功能中起着广泛的作用。虽然GluD 2在小脑平行纤维-浦肯野细胞突触中的作用已经很好地建立，但现在注意力转向前脑中GluD受体的功能。GluD 1调节多个高级脑区的突触组装和调制，作为突触后细胞粘附分子，对兴奋性和抑制性传递都有影响。此外，编码GluD 1的GRID 1基因和编码与GluD 1功能相关的蛋白质的基因中的变异和突变与精神障碍相关，包括自闭症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症。小脑肽（Cbln）家族蛋白是δ受体的主要结合伙伴，是分泌的C1 q样蛋白，其也结合突触前神经毒素（NRXN），形成三联突触桥。已发表的研究探讨了这座桥在纹状体、海马、皮质和cer-ebellum等区域的功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了区域和电路特定的功能和表达模式的GluD 1及其相关蛋白，以及它们对行为和疾病的影响。
Glutamate delta 1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta 2 (GluD2) form the delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors; these proteins plays widespread roles in synaptic architecture, motor behavior, and cognitive function. Though the role of GluD2 at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is well established, attention now turns to the function of GluD receptors in the forebrain. GluD1 regulates synaptic assembly and modulation in multiple higher brain regions, acting as a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule with effects on both excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Furthermore, variations and mutations in the GRID1 gene, which codes for GluD1, and in genes which code for proteins functionally linked to GluD1, are associated with mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Cerebellin (Cbln) family proteins, the primary binding partners of delta receptors, are secreted C1q-like proteins which also bind presynaptic neurexins (NRXNs), forming a tripartite synaptic bridge. Published research explores this bridge’s function in regions including the striatum, hippocampus, cortex, and cer-ebellum. In this review, we summarize region- and circuit-specific functions and expression patterns for GluD1 and its related proteins, and their implications for behavior and disease.
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