Do chimpanzees learn reputation by observation? Evidence from direct and indirect experience with generous and selfish strangers
Do chimpanzees learn reputation by observation? Evidence from direct and indirect experience with generous and selfish strangers
复制标题
黑猩猩通过观察获得声誉吗？
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-008-0151-6
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Barth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Subiaul;J. Vonk;S. Okamoto;J. Barth
黑猩猩可以通过观察间接地学习陌生人的名声吗？或者，这种稳定的行为归因仅仅是由第一人称互动产生的？为了解决这个问题，我们让7只黑猩猩观察不熟悉的人类是否一贯给予（慷慨的捐助者）或拒绝给予（自私的捐助者）食物给熟悉的人类接受者（实验1和2）和同种（实验3）。虽然黑猩猩最初并不喜欢从慷慨的捐赠者那里乞讨食物（实验1），但在继续观察相同的行为交流后，四只黑猩猩发展出了对慷慨捐赠者的偏好（实验2），并将这种偏好转移到新的陌生捐赠者对，显着倾向于在第一次有机会这样做时向新的慷慨捐赠者乞讨。在实验3中，四只黑猩猩观察到人类实验者对其他黑猩猩的自私和慷慨行为。在测试的前半部分，三只黑猩猩在第一次试验中表现出对新的慷慨捐赠者的偏好。这些结果表明，黑猩猩可以通过窃听第三方的互动来推断陌生人的声誉。
Can chimpanzees learn the reputation of strangers indirectly by observation? Or are such stable behavioral attributions made exclusively by first-person interactions? To address this question, we let seven chimpanzees observe unfamiliar humans either consistently give (generous donor) or refuse to give (selfish donor) food to a familiar human recipient (Experiments 1 and 2) and a conspecific (Experiment 3). While chimpanzees did not initially prefer to beg for food from the generous donor (Experiment 1), after continued opportunities to observe the same behavioral exchanges, four chimpanzees developed a preference for gesturing to the generous donor (Experiment 2), and transferred this preference to novel unfamiliar donor pairs, significantly preferring to beg from the novel generous donors on the first opportunity to do so. In Experiment 3, four chimpanzees observed novel selfish and generous acts directed toward other chimpanzees by human experimenters. During the first half of testing, three chimpanzees exhibited a preference for the novel generous donor on the first trial. These results demonstrate that chimpanzees can infer the reputation of strangers by eavesdropping on third-party interactions.
儿童（智人）和黑猩猩（黑猩猩）对人工水果加工的模仿学习。
DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.110.1.3
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Whiten,A;Custance,DM;Gomez,JC;Teixidor,P;Bard,KA
通讯作者：
Bard,KA