The biomass distribution on Earth.

The biomass distribution on Earth.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1711842115
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发表时间:
2018-06-19
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Milo R
Milo R
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bar-On YM;Phillips R;Milo R

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生物圈的组成是生物学中的一个基本问题,但仍然缺乏对每个分类群生物量的全球定量计算。我们收集了所有生命王国的生物量的普查。这种分析提供了生物圈组成的整体视图,并使我们能够观察到分类类别,地理位置和营养模式的广泛模式。对地球上生物量的普查是了解生物圈结构和动态的关键。然而,对于不同分类群的生物量如何相互比较,仍然缺乏一个全球性的定量观点。在这里,我们收集了生物圈的整体生物量组成,建立了一个分布在所有生命王国中的生物量碳(Gt C)的2550亿吨的普查。我们发现,生命王国集中在地球上的不同位置;植物(占主导地位的王国)主要是陆地,而动物(占主导地位的王国)主要是海洋,细菌(占主导地位的王国)和古细菌(占主导地位的王国)主要位于深层地下环境。我们发现,陆地生物量比海洋生物量高出约两个数量级,估计海洋生物群的总碳量为1.66亿吨,是以前估计数量的两倍。我们的分析表明,全球海洋生物量金字塔包含更多的消费者比生产者,从而增加了以前的观察倒食物金字塔的范围。最后,我们强调,人类的质量比所有野生哺乳动物的总和高出一个数量级,并报告了人类对全球生物量的历史影响,包括哺乳动物,鱼类和植物。
The composition of the biosphere is a fundamental question in biology, yet a global quantitative account of the biomass of each taxon is still lacking. We assemble a census of the biomass of all kingdoms of life. This analysis provides a holistic view of the composition of the biosphere and allows us to observe broad patterns over taxonomic categories, geographic locations, and trophic modes. A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa compare with one another is still lacking. Here, we assemble the overall biomass composition of the biosphere, establishing a census of the ≈550 gigatons of carbon (Gt C) of biomass distributed among all of the kingdoms of life. We find that the kingdoms of life concentrate at different locations on the planet; plants (≈450 Gt C, the dominant kingdom) are primarily terrestrial, whereas animals (≈2 Gt C) are mainly marine, and bacteria (≈70 Gt C) and archaea (≈7 Gt C) are predominantly located in deep subsurface environments. We show that terrestrial biomass is about two orders of magnitude higher than marine biomass and estimate a total of ≈6 Gt C of marine biota, doubling the previous estimated quantity. Our analysis reveals that the global marine biomass pyramid contains more consumers than producers, thus increasing the scope of previous observations on inverse food pyramids. Finally, we highlight that the mass of humans is an order of magnitude higher than that of all wild mammals combined and report the historical impact of humanity on the global biomass of prominent taxa, including mammals, fish, and plants.
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