A Perspective on the History and Evolution of an Oceans and Human Health “Metadiscipline” in the USA
A Perspective on the History and Evolution of an Oceans and Human Health “Metadiscipline” in the USA
复制标题
美国海洋与人类健康“元学科”的历史和演变透视
作者：
P. Sandifer;J. Trtanj;T. Collier
我们从联邦政府内部的角度回顾了美国海洋与人类健康计划及相关活动的近期历史和演变。经过美国国会和一些联邦机构（特别是国家科学基金会、国家环境健康科学研究所以及国家海洋和大气管理局）约十年的支持，强有力的海洋与人类健康（OHH）研究和应用活动目前在一些机构和学术机构中相对广泛，尽管规模仍然较小。 OHH 的主题和问题已纳入全面的联邦海洋研究计划，并反映在第 13547 号行政命令颁布的新国家海洋政策中。在短短十年内，OHH 已成熟为公认的“元学科”，发展了一个小型但强大且多样化的科学和实践社区，纳入学术教育计划，定期参与海洋和沿海科学和公共卫生协会，并积极参与公共卫生决策者。除了科学信息的大幅增加之外，OHH 社区还表现出快速有效地应对紧急情况的能力，例如与极端天气事件（例如飓风、洪水）和人为灾害（例如深水地平线漏油）相关的紧急情况。除其他事项外，下一步包括制定和实施机构健康战略以及提供特定服务，例如生态预测，为海洋健康威胁提供常规早期预警以及预防和减轻这些风险的机会。
We review recent history and evolution of Oceans and Human Health programs and related activities in the USA from a perspective within the Federal government. As a result of about a decade of support by the US Congress and through a few Federal agencies, notably the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, robust Oceans and Human Health (OHH) research and application activities are now relatively widespread, although still small, in a number of agencies and academic institutions. OHH themes and issues have been incorporated into comprehensive federal ocean research plans and are reflected in the new National Ocean Policy enunciated by Executive Order 13547. In just a decade, OHH has matured into a recognized “metadiscipline,” with development of a small, but robust and diverse community of science and practice, incorporation into academic educational programs, regular participation in ocean and coastal science and public health societies, and active engagement with public health decision makers. In addition to substantial increases in scientific information, the OHH community has demonstrated ability to respond rapidly and effectively to emergency situations such as those associated with extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes, floods) and human-caused disasters (e.g., the Deep Water Horizon oil spill). Among many other things, next steps include development and implementation of agency health strategies and provision of specific services, such as ecological forecasts to provide routine early warnings for ocean health threats and opportunities for prevention and mitigation of these risks.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Knap A;Dewailly E;Furgal C;Galvin J;Baden D;Bowen RE;Depledge M;Duguay L;Fleming LE;Ford T;Moser F;Owen R;Suk WA;Unluata U
通讯作者：
Unluata U
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Fleming, L. E.;Broad, K.;Walsh, P.
通讯作者：
Walsh, P.