Visualizing Seismic Risk and Uncertainty
Visualizing Seismic Risk and Uncertainty
复制标题
可视化地震风险和不确定性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Jeremy R. Farris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Bostrom;L. Anselin;Jeremy R. Farris
政府机构和其他当局经常使用来自地理信息系统的地图来传达地震风险。然而，人们对这些地图对风险认知的影响知之甚少。虽然心理模型研究和其他方法可用于告知风险沟通文本设计，但缺乏类似的经验指导视觉风险沟通，如地图，这可能会在其影响力和吸引力方面胜过文本。本文回顾了可能为这种指导提供信息的实证研究。对图形、空间和视觉感知以及地图设计的研究表明，图形比数字风险表示更能避免风险，而像点这样的可数视觉符号可以提高感知风险的准确性，但并不总是如此。制图设计特征，如颜色、动画、交互性和深度提示，都是代表风险和不确定性并影响风险感知的候选者。虽然存在鲁棒的已知颜色效应（例如，红色=危险），但由于存在一些文化差异，动画可以增加其他模糊特征的显著性，但效果并不一致。 深度线索，维度，以及在何种程度上的代表描绘与象征的场景将影响观众的观点和看法，这取决于观众的熟悉程度的场景，其对风险感知的影响尚不清楚。关于风险和不确定性的技术信息的翻译和表述对于风险沟通的有效性至关重要。我们的综述提出了一些评估风险可视化效果的候选标准，但不包括行为的变化：准确性、可访问性、保留性、感知风险和有用性。
Government agencies and other authorities often communicate earthquake risks using maps derived from geographic information systems. Yet, little is known about the effects of these maps on risk perceptions. While mental models research and other approaches are available to inform risk communication text design, similar empirically derived guidance is lacking for visual risk communications, such as maps, which are likely to trump text in their impact and appeal. This paper reviews the empirical research that might inform such guidance. Research on graphs, spatial and visual perception, and map design suggests that graphics increase risk avoidance over numerical risk representations, and countable visuals, like dots, can increase the accuracy of perceived risks, but not always. Cartographic design features, such as color, animation, interactivity, and depth cues, are all candidates to represent risk and uncertainty and to influence risk perception. While there are robust known effects of color (e.g., red = danger), with some cultural variability, animation can increase the salience of otherwise obscure features but is not uniformly effective. Depth cues, dimensionality, and the extent to which a representation depicts versus symbolizes a scene will influence the viewer's perspective and perception, depending on the viewer's familiarity with the scene; their effects on risk perception remain unclear. The translation and representation of technical information about risk and uncertainty is critical to risk communication effectiveness. Our review suggests a handful of candidate criteria for evaluating the effects of risk visualizations, short of changes in behavior: accuracy, accessibility, retention, and perceived risk and usefulness.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Granello, DH;Wheaton, JE
通讯作者：
Wheaton, JE
风险的视觉传达。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024191
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lipkus,IM;Hollands,JG
通讯作者：
Hollands,JG
后注意视力。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.26.2.693
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Wolfe,JM;Klempen,N;Dahlen,K
通讯作者：
Dahlen,K