The visual communication of risk.

The visual communication of risk.
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风险的视觉传达。

DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024191
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发表时间:
1999
期刊:
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hollands,JG
Hollands,JG
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lipkus,IM;Hollands,JG

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本文 1) 提供了为什么图形应该成为风险沟通有效辅助工具的原因; 2) 审查视觉效果的使用,特别是图形显示,以传达风险; 3)讨论设计图表来传达风险时要考虑的问题; 4)为未来的研究提供建议。关键文章和材料来自 MEDLINE® 和 PsychInfo® 数据库、参考文章引用以及与风险沟通专家的讨论。研究主要致力于传达风险程度。 在各种图形显示中,风险阶梯似乎是传达绝对和相对风险的有前途的工具。初步证据表明,人们理解直方图和饼图中呈现的风险信息。需要进一步关注的领域包括 1) 将理论模型应用于风险的视觉传达,2) 测试哪些图形显示最适合不同的风险传达任务(例如,哪些图表最能传达绝对或相对风险),3) 传达风险不确定性,以及 4) 测试公众对风险的看法和理解是否因图形格式而异,以及图形显示的添加是否能大大提高对风险的理解能力,而不仅仅是数字或叙述性的翻译 如果是的话,增加了多少。有必要确定图形和其他视觉效果在多大程度上增强了公众对疾病风险的理解,以促进决策和行为改变过程。提供九项建议来帮助实现这些目标。
This paper 1) provides reasons why graphics should be effective aids to communicate risk; 2) reviews the use of visuals, especially graphical displays, to communicate risk; 3) discusses issues to consider when designing graphs to communicate risk; and 4) provides suggestions for future research. Key articles and materials were obtained from MEDLINE® and PsychInfo® databases, from reference article citations, and from discussion with experts in risk communication. Research has been devoted primarily to communicating risk magnitudes. Among the various graphical displays, the risk ladder appears to be a promising tool for communicating absolute and relative risks. Preliminary evidence suggests that people understand risk information presented in histograms and pie charts. Areas that need further attention include 1) applying theoretical models to the visual communication of risk, 2) testing which graphical displays can be applied best to different risk communication tasks (e.g., which graphs best convey absolute or relative risks), 3) communicating risk uncertainty, and 4) testing whether the lay public's perceptions and understanding of risk varies by graphical format and whether the addition of graphical displays improves comprehension substantially beyond numerical or narrative translations of risk and, if so, by how much. There is a need to ascertain the extent to which graphics and other visuals enhance the public's understanding of disease risk to facilitate decision-making and behavioral change processes. Nine suggestions are provided to help achieve these ends.
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