Social Learning and Addiction.

Social Learning and Addiction.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112954
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发表时间:
2021-02-01
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Smith MA
Smith MA
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith MA

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社会学习理论,最初由阿尔伯特·班杜拉提出,遵循了2000年对人类行为决定因素的智力调查。交互决定论是这一理论的核心组成部分,并提出人类行为是由(1)个人因素,(2)外部环境和(3)行为本身之间的功能关系决定的。使用这个模型,药物成瘾可以被看作是一个人的个人特征,社会环境和以药物为中心的行为之间的功能关系的结果。换句话说,成瘾可以被视为一种长期演变的生物心理社会障碍,包括个体内部和外部的维度。因此,有效的治疗干预措施应该针对模型的所有节点及其之间的功能关系,并且必须随着疾病的进展而不断发展。因此,构建一个论点,强调需要一个有组织的结构的元连接,在个人的社会环境中运作,目标是驱动药物使用的因素之间的功能关系。最理想的情况是,这些元关联将在社会联系的个体中运作,这些个体有能力控制影响药物使用的功能关系,有既得利益来监控个人和集体的结果,有技能来确定需要什么样的即时决策来影响行为变化,以及贯彻执行新战略以产生累积性重大成果所需的相对持久性。
Social learning theory, as originally proposed by Albert Bandura, followed 2000 years of intellectual inquiry into the determinants of human behavior. Reciprocal determinism is a central component of this theory and proposes that human behavior is determined by functional relationships between (1) personal factors, (2) the external environment, and (3) the behavior itself. Using this model, drug addiction can be viewed as resulting from the functional relationships between an individual’s personal characteristics, social environment, and drug-centric behaviors. In other words, addiction can be viewed as a chronically evolving biopsychosocial disorder, encompassing dimensions that are both internal and external to the individual. Effective treatment interventions should thus target all nodes of the model and the functional relationships between them, and they must constantly evolve with the progression of the disorder. An argument is thus constructed that emphasizes the need for an organized structure of metacontingencies, operating within an individual’s social environment, that targets the functional relationships between the factors that drive drug use. Optimally, these metacontingencies would operate within socially connected individuals who have the power to control the functional relationships that influence drug use, the vested interest to monitor individual and collective outcomes, the skills to determine what moment-to-moment decisions are needed to influence behavioral change, and the relative permanence necessary to carry through with the implementation of new strategies to produce outcomes that are cumulatively significant.
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