Intercomparison of general circulation models for hot extrasolar planets

Intercomparison of general circulation models for hot extrasolar planets
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热系外行星大气环流模型的相互比较

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.027
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Polichtchouk I
Polichtchouk I
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Polichtchouk I

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我们在三个可用于评估模型收敛性和准确性的测试用例下比较了最近用于研究太阳系外行星热大气的五种大气环流模型(GCM)(BOB、CAM、IGCM、MITgcm 和 PEQMOD)。迄今为止,太阳系外行星研究还没有进行过如此广泛、详细的比较。所考虑的模型都求解传统的原始方程,但采用不同的数值算法或网格(例如,伪谱和有限体积,后者分别采用经纬度和“立方球”网格)。选择测试用例是为了清楚地解决热太阳系外行星模拟中通常报告的行为的特定方面:(1) 稳态,(2) 非线性演化的斜压波,以及 (3) 对快速时间尺度热弛豫的响应。当用稳定射流初始化时,所有模型都保持稳定性,正如它们应该的那样——除了立方球体网格中的 MITgcm 之外。对于从伪谱模型中的初始不稳定性演变而来的斜压波,获得了非常好的一致性。然而,伪谱模型仍然没有实现精确的数值收敛:幅度和相位明显不同。当受到典型的“热木星”式强迫时,所有五个模型都表现出数量上不同的行为,尽管质量上相似,但会产生时变、四极主导的流动。因此,正如过去几项研究所主张的那样,应该谨慎看待全球气候模型的具体定量预测(例如大涡和热点区域的位置)。总体而言,在这里考虑的测试中,压力坐标中的伪谱模型(PEBOB 和 PEQMOD)表现最好,立方球网格中的 MITgcm 表现最差。
We compare five general circulation models (GCMs) which have been recently used to study hot extrasolar planet atmospheres (BOB, CAM, IGCM, MITgcm, and PEQMOD), under three test cases useful for assessing model convergence and accuracy. Such a broad, detailed intercomparison has not been performed thus far for extrasolar planets study. The models considered all solve the traditional primitive equations, but employ different numerical algorithms or grids (e.g., pseudospectral and finite volume, with the latter separately in longitude–latitude and ‘cubed-sphere’ grids). The test cases are chosen to cleanly address specific aspects of the behaviors typically reported in hot extrasolar planet simulations: (1) steady-state, (2) nonlinearly evolving baroclinic wave, and (3) response to fast timescale thermal relaxation. When initialized with a steady jet, all models maintain the steadiness, as they should—except MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid. A very good agreement is obtained for a baroclinic wave evolving from an initial instability in pseudospectral models (only). However, exact numerical convergence is still not achieved across the pseudospectral models: amplitudes and phases are observably different. When subject to a typical ‘hot-Jupiter’-like forcing, all five models show quantitatively different behavior—although qualitatively similar, time-variable, quadrupole-dominated flows are produced. Hence, as have been advocated in several past studies, specific quantitative predictions (such as the location of large vortices and hot regions) by GCMs should be viewed with caution. Overall, in the tests considered here, pseudospectral models in pressure coordinate (PEBOB and PEQMOD) perform the best and MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid performs the worst.
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