Molecular imaging with theranostic nanoparticles.
Molecular imaging with theranostic nanoparticles.
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DOI：
10.1021/ar200106e
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发表时间：
2011-10-18
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Gambhir SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jokerst JV;Gambhir SS
纳米粒子提供了小分子或微型工具无法提供的诊断和治疗能力。随着分子生物学与医学成像的融合形成了分子成像领域，纳米粒子成像在治疗和诊断应用中越来越普遍。术语Theranostic指的是具有同时和互补的诊断和治疗能力的技术。当使用亚微米材料时，这一领域可以被称为治疗纳米医学。尽管纳米颗粒已经被FDA批准用于临床运输已有近15年的时间，但其治疗潜力的完全翻译是不完整的。尽管如此，纳米粒子在药物输送和磁共振成像领域已经取得了显著的成功。新兴的应用包括图像引导切除、体内光学/光声成像、对比增强超声和热消融治疗。在分子成像中，纳米颗粒的诊断涉及到信号与表型的关联。疾病的大小、分期和生化特征可以从活着的受试者发出的纳米颗粒信号的位置和强度中收集到。NP的治疗使用的是切除或运送小分子或RNA的图像。也可以通过加热或放射来消融受影响的区域。理想的治疗NP：(1)选择性地、快速地在病变组织中积聚，(2)报告该区域的生化和形态特征，(3)提供非侵入性治疗，以及(4)安全且可生物降解，无毒副产品。上面是这样一个系统的示意图，它包含一个中心成像核心(黄色)，周围环绕着小分子疗法(红色)。该系统通过配体如免疫球蛋白(粉红色)靶标，并由保护性聚合物(绿色)斗篷保护免受免疫清除者的伤害。虽然没有一种纳米粒子实现了上述所有特征，但许多纳米粒子确实实现了一个或多个特征。虽然临床上最可翻译的纳米颗粒已被用于磁共振成像领域，但通过克服毒性和生物分布方面的担忧，其他类型的纳米颗粒正在迅速变得更具生物相容性。该文件详细说明了纳米颗粒的诊断、成像和治疗用途。我们提出了五种主要类型的纳米粒子，同时具有诊断和治疗用途，并提供了每种类型的例子。
Nanoparticles offer diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities impossible with small molecules or micro-scale tools. As molecular biology merges with medical imaging to form the field of molecular imaging, nanoparticle imaging is increasingly common with both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The term theranostic indicates technology with concurrent and complementary diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. When performed with sub-micron materials, the field may be termed theranostic nanomedicine. Although nanoparticles have been FDA-approved for clinical use as transport vehicles for nearly 15 years, full translation of their theranostic potential is incomplete. Still, remarkable successes with nanoparticles have been realized in the areas of drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Emerging applications include image-guided resection, optical/photoacoustic imaging in vivo, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and thermoablative therapy. Diagnosis with nanoparticles in molecular imaging involves correlating signal to a phenotype. The disease’s size, stage, and biochemical signature can be gleaned from the location and intensity of nanoparticle signal emanating from a living subject. Therapy with NP uses the image for resection or delivery of small molecule or RNA thererapeutic. Ablation of the affected area is also possible via heat or radioactivity. The ideal theranostic NP: (1) selectively and rapidly accumulates in diseased tissue, (2) reports biochemical and morphological characteristics of the area, (3) delivers a non-invasive therapeutic, and (4) is safe and biodegrades with non-toxic byproducts. Above is a schematic of such a system which contains a central imaging core (yellow) surrounded by small molecule therapeutics (red). The system targets via ligands such as IgG (pink) and is protected from immune scavengers by a cloak of protective polymer (green). While no nanoparticle has achieved all of the above features, many NPs do fulfill one or more. While the most clinically translatable nanoparticles have been used in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, other types are quickly becoming more biocompatible by overcoming toxicity and biodistribution concerns. The document details diagnostic imaging and therapeutic uses of nanoparticles. We propose five main types of nanoparticles with concurrent diagnostic and thereapeutic uses and offer examples of each.
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影响因子：
14
作者：
Jain, Tapan K.;Foy, Susan P.;Erokwu, Bernadette;Dimitrijevic, Sanja;Flask, Christopher A.;Labhasetwar, Vinod
通讯作者：
Labhasetwar, Vinod
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2232479100
发表时间：
2003-11-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
West, JL
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Bhatia, Sangeeta N.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Artemov, D;Mori, N;Bhujwalla, ZM
通讯作者：
Bhujwalla, ZM
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
Arbab, AS;Bashaw, LA;Frank, JA
通讯作者：
Frank, JA