Morphological Complexity as a Floral Signal: From Perception by Insect Pollinators to Co-Evolutionary Implications.
Morphological Complexity as a Floral Signal: From Perception by Insect Pollinators to Co-Evolutionary Implications.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms19061681
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发表时间：
2018-06-06
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Keasar T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krishna S;Keasar T
形态复杂的花的特点是双边对称，管状形状，深花冠管，融合的花瓣，和/或孔裂花药，所有这些限制访问的昆虫访问花花蜜和花粉奖励。只有一小部分潜在的传粉者，主要是大型蜜蜂，学会了成功地在这种花上觅食。因此，复杂性可能包括一个形态过滤器，限制了访问者的范围，从而增加了成功觅食的食物摄入量。这种传粉者的专业化，反过来，促进花的恒定性和减少跨物种的花粉转移，提供健身的好处，复杂的花植物。由于与花形态复杂性相关的视觉信号通常是诚实的（即，指示食物奖励），授粉者需要感知和处理它们。生理学研究表明，蜜蜂通过长波长敏感的光感受器探测远处的花朵。蜜蜂能够有效地感知复杂的形状，并根据它们的空间频率学习轮廓的位置。复杂的花需要很长的处理时间由天真的游客，并成为高利润只有经验丰富的觅食。为了探索可能的途径对花的复杂性的演变，我们讨论了认知机制，可能允许昆虫坚持复杂的花，尽管初始觅食收益低，建议实验来测试这些机制，并推测其适应价值。
Morphologically complex flowers are characterized by bilateral symmetry, tube-like shapes, deep corolla tubes, fused petals, and/or poricidal anthers, all of which constrain the access of insect visitors to floral nectar and pollen rewards. Only a subset of potential pollinators, mainly large bees, learn to successfully forage on such flowers. Thus, complexity may comprise a morphological filter that restricts the range of visitors and thereby increases food intake for successful foragers. Such pollinator specialization, in turn, promotes flower constancy and reduces cross-species pollen transfer, providing fitness benefits to plants with complex flowers. Since visual signals associated with floral morphological complexity are generally honest (i.e., indicate food rewards), pollinators need to perceive and process them. Physiological studies show that bees detect distant flowers through long-wavelength sensitive photoreceptors. Bees effectively perceive complex shapes and learn the positions of contours based on their spatial frequencies. Complex flowers require long handling times by naive visitors, and become highly profitable only for experienced foragers. To explore possible pathways towards the evolution of floral complexity, we discuss cognitive mechanisms that potentially allow insects to persist on complex flowers despite low initial foraging gains, suggest experiments to test these mechanisms, and speculate on their adaptive value.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
BERG, RL
影响因子：
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