Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes.
Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes.
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作者：
Abdi R;Fiorina P;Adra CN;Atkinson M;Sayegh MH
间充质干细胞（MSC）是多能基质细胞，具有产生多种谱系细胞的潜力。有趣的是，MSC几乎可以在所有产后组织中找到。目前用于表征和识别这些细胞的主要标准是自我更新和分化为中胚层的组织的能力，并结合某些造血分子的表达不足。由于它们的发展可塑性，基于MSC的治疗干预的概念已成为替代受伤组织的新兴策略。还注意到MSC具有在体内赋予深刻免疫调节作用的能力。实际上，一旦通过组织再生介导的介导的MSC保护避免组织损伤的一些最初观察结果可能是由免疫调节引起的。尽管MSC免疫调节功能的确切机制在很大程度上尚不清楚，但这些细胞已在旨在减轻免疫介导疾病负担的各种临床试验中被剥削。本文重点介绍了最近的进步，这些进步扩大了我们对MSC的免疫调节特性的理解，并就其作为基于细胞的免疫介导疾病的临床使用的潜力提供了见解，尤其是1型糖尿病。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stromal cells that have the potential to give rise to cells of diverse lineages. Interestingly, MSCs can be found in virtually all postnatal tissues. The main criteria currently used to characterize and identify these cells are the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin, combined with a lack in expression of certain hematopoietic molecules. Because of their developmental plasticity, the notion of MSC-based therapeutic intervention has become an emerging strategy for the replacement of injured tissues. MSCs have also been noted to possess the ability to impart profound immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Indeed, some of the initial observations regarding MSC protection from tissue injury once thought mediated by tissue regeneration may, in reality, result from immunomodulation. Whereas the exact mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory functions of MSC remain largely unknown, these cells have been exploited in a variety of clinical trials aimed at reducing the burden of immune-mediated disease. This article focuses on recent advances that have broadened our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and provides insight as to their potential for clinical use as a cell-based therapy for immune-mediated disorders and, in particular, type 1 diabetes.
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