New insights into the functional role of retrotransposon dynamics in mammalian somatic cells.

New insights into the functional role of retrotransposon dynamics in mammalian somatic cells.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-03851-5
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Orlando V
Orlando V
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mangiavacchi A;Liu P;Della Valle F;Orlando V

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Retrotransposons are genetic elements present across all eukaryotic genomes. While their role in evolution is considered as a potentially beneficial natural source of genetic variation, their activity is classically considered detrimental due to their potentially harmful effects on genome stability. However, studies are increasingly shedding light on the regulatory function and beneficial role of somatic retroelement reactivation in non-pathological contexts. Here, we review recent findings unveiling the regulatory potential of retrotransposons, including their role in noncoding RNA transcription, as modulators of mammalian transcriptional and epigenome landscapes. We also discuss technical challenges in deciphering the multifaceted activity of retrotransposable elements, highlighting an unforeseen central role of this neglected portion of the genome both in early development and in adult life.
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