Moving across boundaries: migration in South Africa, 1950-2000.
Moving across boundaries: migration in South Africa, 1950-2000.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-012-0140-x
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发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Reed, Holly E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reed, Holly E.
现有的关于南非黑人内部迁移的历史模式的知识是不完整的，主要是因为缺乏良好的生命历程研究以及种族隔离政府对数据的压制和审查。本文通过对一个独特的个人回顾生活史数据集的分析，提供了一个历史内部迁移模式的全面图景。2000年收集的黑人人口样本是南非唯一已知的具有全国代表性的生活史数据；它包括每个人在他/她的一生中所有的居住迁移。分析了各种流动结果：省内/跨省、城乡内/跨地区、强迫迁移、核心家庭迁移和个人迁移。结果表明，在二十世纪后半叶，南非黑人的移徙人数显著增加，这种增加开始于1986年《通行证法》被废除之前，远远早于1991年种族隔离正式结束或1994年第一次自由选举。移民率上升的时机表明，对许多南非黑人来说，无视通行证法（尽管这是一个危险而绝望的提议）的移民是一种生活方式。
Existing knowledge about historical patterns of black internal migration in South Africa is incomplete, primarily because of the lack of good life course studies as well as the apartheid government’s suppression and censoring of data. This article provides a comprehensive picture of historical internal migration patterns with an analysis of a unique individual retrospective life history data set. This sample of the black population, collected in 2000, is the only known nationally representative life history data for South Africa; it includes all residential moves for each individual during his/her lifetime. Various mobility outcomes are analyzed: moves within/across provinces, moves within/across rural and urban areas, forced moves, moves with a nuclear family, and individual moves. The results indicate that migration significantly increased among black South Africans during the last half of the twentieth century, and that this increase began before the Pass Laws were repealed in 1986 and well before the official end of apartheid in 1991 or the first free election in 1994. The timing of this increase in migration rates suggests that migration in defiance of the Pass Laws (albeit a dangerous and desperate proposition) was a way of life for many black South Africans.
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