Causal inference in environmental sound recognition
Causal inference in environmental sound recognition
复制标题
环境声音识别中的因果推理
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104627
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
McDermott, Josh H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Traer, James;Norman-Haignere, Sam V.;McDermott, Josh H.
声音是由世界上的物理事件引起的。人类在识别声源时是否会推断出这些原因？我们测试了对常见环境声音的识别是否依赖于一个基本的物理变量——源强度（即产生声音的功率）的推断。一个源的强度可以从它在耳朵上产生的强度和它的距离推断出来，这通常是通过混响传递的。因此，听者可以利用耳朵处的强度和混响来推断潜在的源强度，从而限制识别。或者，听者可能会将这些声音线索从他们对声音身份的表征中分离出来，以获得不变的识别。我们通过测量对典型的低或高源强度声音（例如，胡椒研磨机与卡车）的识别精度来比较这两种假设，这些声音在耳朵上呈现在一系列强度范围内或与距离的混响提示。对低强度源（如胡椒研磨机）的识别受到高呈现强度或传递距离的混响的影响，其中任何一种都意味着高源强度。对于高强度光源，这两种效应都没有发生。结果表明，听者隐性地利用耳朵处的强度和距离线索来推断声源的力量并限制其身份。因此，对现实世界声音的识别似乎依赖于对其物理生成参数的推断，甚至是其线索可能与声音身份的表征分离的生成参数。
Sound is caused by physical events in the world. Do humans infer these causes when recognizing sound sources? We tested whether the recognition of common environmental sounds depends on the inference of a basic physical variable – the source intensity (i.e., the power that produces a sound). A source's intensity can be inferred from the intensity it produces at the ear and its distance, which is normally conveyed by reverberation. Listeners could thus use intensity at the ear and reverberation to constrain recognition by inferring the underlying source intensity. Alternatively, listeners might separate these acoustic cues from their representation of a sound's identity in the interest of invariant recognition. We compared these two hypotheses by measuring recognition accuracy for sounds with typically low or high source intensity (e.g., pepper grinders vs. trucks) that were presented across a range of intensities at the ear or with reverberation cues to distance. The recognition of low-intensity sources (e.g., pepper grinders) was impaired by high presentation intensities or reverberation that conveyed distance, either of which imply high source intensity. Neither effect occurred for high-intensity sources. The results suggest that listeners implicitly use the intensity at the ear along with distance cues to infer a source's power and constrain its identity. The recognition of real-world sounds thus appears to depend upon the inference of their physical generative parameters, even generative parameters whose cues might otherwise be separated from the representation of a sound's identity.
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第二版
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fujita J. Springer;Berlin;Schwab;M.(ed.)
通讯作者：
M.(ed.)
DOI：
10.1036/1097-8542.802380
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders
影响因子：
--
作者：
David House
通讯作者：
David House
响度是声音识别过程的一部分吗？
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
P. Susini;Olivier Houix;Lou Seropian;G. Lemaitre
通讯作者：
G. Lemaitre
听觉距离感知
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
I. Howard
通讯作者：
I. Howard