Scaling effects of temperature on parasitism from individuals to populations.
Scaling effects of temperature on parasitism from individuals to populations.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13786
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Mordecai, Erin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirk, Devin;O'Connor, Mary, I;Mordecai, Erin A.
预计在更温暖的未来，寄生虫会发生变化，但变暖是否会导致寄生虫的大幅增加仍不清楚。了解变暖如何影响个体宿主的寄生（例如，寄生物负荷）转化为对种群水平寄生的影响（例如，R0）仍然是一个主要的知识差距。我们进行了文献综述，并确定了24个主机寄生虫系统，有信息的温度依赖性的寄生在个人主机和主机人口水平：13病媒传播的系统和11个环境传播的系统。我们发现，个体和种群水平寄生的最适温度之间存在很强的正相关性，尽管有几个环境传播的系统在个体和种群水平之间表现出>5°C的最适温度。寄生热最佳接近载体性能热最佳的媒介传播系统，但不是主机在环境中传输的系统，这表明这些热失配可能是更常见的某些类型的主机寄生系统。我们还调整和模拟了两种类型的传输模式的简单模型，并在两种模式中发现了相同的模式：当有更多的性状将个体与群体水平的过程联系起来时，热最优值在各个尺度上的相关性更强。一般来说，我们的研究结果表明，温度依赖性的信息，特别是热最佳，在个人或人口水平应该提供一个有用的，但不是定量准确的基线预测温度依赖性在其他水平，特别是在媒介传播的寄生虫系统。环境传播的寄生虫可能通过一套不同的规则来运作，其中温度依赖性在某些系统中是解耦的，需要在个体和群体水平上进行基于性状的温度依赖性研究。随着世界变暖，了解温度对个人和群体的影响对于减轻疾病的努力至关重要。这些结果表明，在个人或人口水平的温度依赖性的信息应该提供一个有用的，但不是定量准确的，基线预测温度依赖性在其他层面。
Parasitism is expected to change in a warmer future, but whether warming leads to substantial increases in parasitism remains unclear. Understanding how warming effects on parasitism in individual hosts (e.g., parasite load) translate to effects on population-level parasitism (e.g., prevalence, R0) remains a major knowledge gap. We conducted a literature review and identified 24 host–parasite systems that had information on the temperature dependence of parasitism at both individual host and host population levels: 13 vector-borne systems and 11 environmentally transmitted systems. We found a strong positive correlation between the thermal optima of individual- and population-level parasitism, though several of the environmentally transmitted systems exhibited thermal optima >5°C apart between individual and population levels. Parasitism thermal optima were close to vector performance thermal optima in vector-borne systems but not hosts in environmentally transmitted systems, suggesting these thermal mismatches may be more common in certain types of host–parasite systems. We also adapted and simulated simple models for both types of transmission modes and found the same pattern across the two modes: thermal optima were more strongly correlated across scales when there were more traits linking individual- to population-level processes. Generally, our results suggest that information on the temperature dependence, and specifically the thermal optimum, at either the individual- or population-level should provide a useful—though not quantitatively exact—baseline for predicting temperature dependence at the other level, especially in vector-borne parasite systems. Environmentally transmitted parasitism may operate by a different set of rules, in which temperature-dependence is decoupled in some systems, requiring the need for trait-based studies of temperature-dependence at individual and population levels. Understanding effects of temperature on both individuals and populations is critical for disease mitigation efforts as the world warms. These results suggest that information on temperature-dependence at either the individual or population level should provide a useful, though not quantitatively exact, baseline for predicting temperature dependence at the other level.
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