Hearing is believing: Lexically guided perceptual learning is graded to reflect the quantity of evidence in speech input
Hearing is believing: Lexically guided perceptual learning is graded to reflect the quantity of evidence in speech input
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耳听为虚：词汇引导的感知学习进行分级，以反映语音输入中证据的数量
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105404
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Theodore, Rachel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cummings, Shawn N.;Theodore, Rachel M.
对于给定的语言信息产生的声学模式有很大的可变性，包括取决于说话者的可变性。听众通过动态修改语音映射来响应输入中的结构化变化，至少在一定程度上解决了这种缺乏不变性的问题。在这里，我们测试了语音适应的理想适配器框架的一个主要原则，该框架假设知觉学习反映了线索-声音映射的增量更新，以将观察到的证据与先前的信念结合起来。我们的研究借鉴了有影响力的词汇引导的感知学习范式。在暴露阶段，听者听到说话者产生的摩擦能量在/ h /和/s/之间有歧义。词汇语境对歧义的差异偏差解释为/s/或/ h /，并且，在两个行为实验中（n= 500），我们操纵了暴露期间提供的证据的数量和证据的一致性。在接触后，听者将标记分类，以评估学习情况。通过计算模拟形式化了理想的适配器框架，该框架预测学习将被分级以反映暴露输入的数量，而不是一致性。这些预测在人类听众中得到了证实；在观看4部、10部或20部关键作品的情况下，学习效果的大小单调增加，并且没有证据表明，在连续观看和不连续观看的情况下，学习效果会有所不同。这些结果(1)为理想适配者框架的主要原则提供了支持；(2)确立了证据数量作为人类听众适应的关键决定因素；(3)提供了关键证据，证明词汇引导的感知学习不是二元结果。在这样做的过程中，目前的工作提供了基础知识，以支持将感知学习视为与语音流中的输入统计紧密相关的分级结果的理论进展。
There is wide variability in the acoustic patterns that are produced for a given linguistic message, including variability that is conditioned onwhois speaking. Listeners solve this lack of invariance problem, at least in part, by dynamically modifying the mapping to speech sounds in response to structured variation in the input. Here we test a primary tenet of the ideal adapter framework of speech adaptation, which posits that perceptual learning reflects theincrementalupdating of cue-sound mappings to incorporate observed evidence with prior beliefs. Our investigation draws on the influential lexically guided perceptual learning paradigm. During an exposure phase, listeners heard a talker who produced fricative energy ambiguous between /ʃ/ and /s/. Lexical context differentially biased interpretation of the ambiguity as either /s/ or /ʃ/, and, across two behavioral experiments (n= 500), we manipulated the quantity of evidence and the consistency of evidence that was provided during exposure. Following exposure, listeners categorized tokens from anashi–asicontinuum to assess learning. The ideal adapter framework was formalized through computational simulations, which predicted that learning would be graded to reflect the quantity, but not the consistency, of the exposure input. These predictions were upheld in human listeners; the magnitude of the learning effect monotonically increased given exposure to four, 10, or 20 critical productions, and there was no evidence that learning differed given consistent versus inconsistent exposure. These results (1) provide support for a primary tenet of the ideal adapter framework, (2) establish quantity of evidence as a key determinant of adaptation in human listeners, and (3) provide critical evidence that lexically guided perceptual learning is not a binary outcome. In doing so, the current work provides foundational knowledge to support theoretical advances that consider perceptual learning as a graded outcome that is tightly linked to input statistics in the speech stream.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Saltzman D;Myers E
通讯作者：
Myers E
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
McMurray, Bob;Jongman, Allard
通讯作者：
Jongman, Allard
您对一个陌生的谈话者有何期望？
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dave F. Kleinschmidt;T. Jaeger
通讯作者：
T. Jaeger
第一印象的第二次机会：词汇引导感知学习的累积输入统计的敏感性
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Tzeng, Christina Y.;Nygaard, Lynne C.;Theodore, Rachel M.
通讯作者：
Theodore, Rachel M.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Kleinschmidt DF;Jaeger TF
通讯作者：
Jaeger TF