Listeners are initially flexible in updating phonetic beliefs over time.
Listeners are initially flexible in updating phonetic beliefs over time.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-021-01885-1
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Myers E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saltzman D;Myers E
知觉学习是听者对新的语音信息进行适应的一种机制。分布追踪理论认为，这种顺应是由于听者积累了有关语音类别的说话者特定分布信息而发生的。目前尚不清楚的是，听众是如何构建这些特定于谈话者的分布的;也就是说，如果他们汇总了在某个时间段内收到的所有信息，或者他们更依赖于最近收到的信息，并降低了较旧的合并信息的权重。在本实验中，受试者被暴露在词汇判断任务和语音分类任务的四个交错块中，其中词汇判断块被设计成在“s”-“sh”对比的相反方向上偏向知觉。几天后，听众们回来了，再次完成了同样的任务。在每个单独的会话中，听者对“s”-“sh”对比的感知受到紧接在前的词汇决策块中的信息的偏见（尽管只有当参与者首先听到“sh”-偏见块时，这可能是由刺激特征驱动的）。有证据表明，随着时间的推移，听者积累了关于说话者的信息，因为偏见效应在第二次会议上减弱了。在一般情况下，结果表明，听众最初保持一定的灵活性与他们的谈话者特定的语音表示，但在几个曝光的过程中，开始巩固这些表示。
Perceptual learning serves as a mechanism for listeners to adapt to novel phonetic information. Distributional tracking theories posit that this adaptation occurs as a result of listeners accumulating talker-specific distributional information about the phonetic category in question. What is not known is how listeners build these talker-specific distributions; that is, if they aggregate all information received over a certain time period, or if they rely more heavily upon the most recent information received and down-weight older, consolidated information. In the present experiment, listeners were exposed to four interleaved blocks of a lexical decision task and a phonetic categorization task in which the lexical decision blocks were designed to bias perception in opposite directions of a “s”-“sh” contrast. Listeners returned several days later and completed the identical task again. In each individual session, listener’s perception of a “s”-“sh” contrast was biased by the information in the immediately preceding lexical decision block (though only when participants heard the “sh”-biasing block first, which was likely driven by stimulus characteristics). There was evidence that listeners accrued information about the talker over time since the bias effect diminished in the second session. In general, results suggest that listeners initially maintain some flexibility with their talker-specific phonetic representations, but over the course of several exposures begin to consolidate these representations.
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