Glad to be Gay Behind the Wall: Gay and Lesbian Activism in 1970s East Germany

Glad to be Gay Behind the Wall: Gay and Lesbian Activism in 1970s East Germany
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很高兴成为墙后的同性恋者:20 世纪 70 年代东德的男女同性恋活动

DOI:
10.1093/hwj/dbs017
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
McLellan J
McLellan J
中科院分区:
人文科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McLellan J

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同性恋权益组织HIB (Homosexuelle Interessengemeinschaft Berlin,柏林同性恋权益组织)于20世纪70年代活跃于东柏林。除了组织多达200人的活动外,该组织的活动人士还游说东德当局,希望得到官方的承认。HIB的根源不仅在于1968年东方同性恋合法化,还在于西方“1968”运动的后续影响,尤其是蓬勃发展的同性恋解放运动。HIB的创始人不仅可以接触到西方同性恋媒体和电影,而且还会见了1973年前往民主德国的彼得·塔切尔(Peter Tatchell)等活动人士。因此,该组织的策略将西方的意识形态和方法(比如拍电影和占用公共空间)与久经考验的与国家社会主义当局打交道的方式(请愿和使用社会主义修辞)混合在一起。本文认为,20世纪70年代东欧出现了重大的反文化活动和激进主义,这应该与最近文献中经常强调的私有化趋势相抗衡。将个人政治化和创造另一种生活方式的努力并不局限于西欧。然而,在东方,想要成为积极分子的人面临着相当大的障碍,尤其是国家的不妥协和监视。
The HIB (Homosexuelle Interessengemeinschaft Berlin, or Homosexual Interest Group Berlin), a gay and lesbian rights group, was active in East Berlin in the 1970s. As well as organizing events for up to 200 people, its activists lobbied the East German authorities for official state recognition. The HIB’s roots lay not only in the 1968 decriminalization of homosexuality in the East, but also in the after-effects of the Western ‘1968’, not least the burgeoning gay liberation movement. The HIB’s founders not only had access to Western gay media and films, but also met activists such as Peter Tatchell, who travelled to the GDR in 1973. As a result, the group’s tactics blended Western ideologies and methods (such as film-making and the appropriation of public space) with tried and tested ways of dealing with state socialist authorities (petitioning and the use of socialist rhetoric). This article argues that the 1970s in Eastern Europe saw significant countercultural activity and activism, which should be set against the trend towards privatization often stressed in recent literature. Efforts to politicize the personal and create alternative forms of living were not confined to Western Europe. However, would-be activists in the East faced considerable barriers, not least state intransigence and surveillance.
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