Rallying the anti-crowd: Organized opposition, democratic deficit, and a potential social gap in large-scale solar energy
Rallying the anti-crowd: Organized opposition, democratic deficit, and a potential social gap in large-scale solar energy
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集结反群众：有组织的反对派、民主赤字以及大规模太阳能的潜在社会差距
DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2022.102597
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Mills, Sarah B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford, Jessica;Bessette, Douglas;Mills, Sarah B.
在全国调查中，不断下降的成本和公众对太阳能的高支持率预示着全美大规模太阳能(LSS)系统的加速发展。学术研究和大众媒体都表明，LSS项目在项目层面上面临越来越多的地方阻力。正如Bell、Gray和Haggett在2005年首次就风能开发所描述的那样，LSS项目建议的数量与已完成的项目数量之间的差距可以被视为一种社会差距。在这里，我们使用这些学者的框架来调查密歇根州四个社区潜在的LSS社会差距。通过对居民、地方官员和LSS开发商的34次定性的半结构化访谈，我们描述了由于有组织的反对派团体产生民主赤字，社会差距可能会如何发展。这一直言不讳的少数群体的不当影响和组织，加上地方官员和开发商与居民缺乏有意义的接触，导致了对关系和解决居民资格所需的决策做法的不信任。这些限制集中在LSS的美学影响、补偿不足、对农地的不当使用、水安全、项目规模、决策过程的透明度和居民影响这些过程的能力。我们的结果表明，解决这种社会差距需要地方官员和开发商加强沟通，更早地与居民接触，并将农业价值和生产与土地利用系统的发展更好地结合起来。最后，更好地组织项目支持者和项目支持者可能会增加影响LSS项目和获得LSS项目所有权的机会。
Declining costs and high public support for solar energy in national surveys predict accelerated development of large-scale solar (LSS) systems across the United States. Both scholarly work and the popular press suggest LSS projects increasingly face local resistance at the project level. This gap between the number of LSS projects proposed and those completed can be thought of as a social gap, just as Bell, Gray and Haggett first described with respect to wind energy development in 2005. Here we use those scholars' framework to investigate a potential LSS social gap in four communities in Michigan. Using 34 qualitative semi-structured interviews with residents, local officials and LSS developers, we describe how a social gap may develop because of organized opposition groups generating a democratic deficit. The undue influence and organization of this vocal minority, along with a lack of meaningful engagement with residents by local officials and developers, led to distrust in relationships and the decision-making practices necessary to address residents' qualifications. Those qualifications centered on LSS's aesthetic impact, inadequate compensation, improper use of agricultural land, water safety, project size, and the transparency of decision-making processes and residents' ability to influence those processes. Our results suggest that addressing such a social gap requires increased communication and earlier engagement by local officials and developers with residents, and better alignment of agricultural values and production with LSS development. Finally, better organization of—and by—project supporters may increase opportunities to influence and take ownership of LSS projects.
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