The typical flight performance of blowflies: measuring the normal performance envelope of Calliphora vicina using a novel corner-cube arena.
The typical flight performance of blowflies: measuring the normal performance envelope of Calliphora vicina using a novel corner-cube arena.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0007852
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发表时间：
2009-11-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Taylor GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bomphrey RJ;Walker SM;Taylor GK
尽管有大量的证据表明，非凡的最大性能，很少有人知道的常规飞行性能的昆虫。我们提出了一套技术的基准性能特点的昆虫在自由飞行，证明使用模式物种，并评论观察到的性能的意义。使用单个高速数字摄像机（250或500 fps）在一个新颖的镜面竞技场内拍摄自由飞翔的绿头苍蝇（丽蝇），该竞技场包括一个大型（1.6 m1.6 m1.6 m）角立方体反射器。这种安排允许准确重建苍蝇的三维轨迹，而不需要同步硬件，凭借竞技场内的多个反射的主题。使用定制的自动跟踪软件分析图像序列，并使用自校准光束法平差程序进行处理，以确定受试者的瞬时三维位置。我们说明了我们的方法，通过使用这些轨迹数据来基准我们的苍蝇的常规飞行性能包络线。飞行速度通常在1.2 ms−1到2.3 ms−1之间，最大为2.5 ms−1。我们的果蝇倾向于俯冲速度快于爬升速度，最大下降速度（-2.4 ms-1）几乎是最大爬升速度（1.2 ms-1）的两倍。模态转弯速率约为240°s−1，最大速率超过1700°s−1。我们使用我们在正常飞行期间观察到的最大飞行性能来构建绿头苍蝇飞行包络线上的概念物理限制，并使用该概念包络线内的观察分布来假设行为偏好或生理和解剖约束。我们记录的飞行轨迹从来都不是稳定的：相反，它们不断地加速或减速，最大切向加速度和最大向心加速度都在3g左右。
Despite a wealth of evidence demonstrating extraordinary maximal performance, little is known about the routine flight performance of insects. We present a set of techniques for benchmarking performance characteristics of insects in free flight, demonstrated using a model species, and comment on the significance of the performance observed. Free-flying blowflies (Calliphora vicina) were filmed inside a novel mirrored arena comprising a large (1.6 m1.6 m1.6 m) corner-cube reflector using a single high-speed digital video camera (250 or 500 fps). This arrangement permitted accurate reconstruction of the flies' 3-dimensional trajectories without the need for synchronisation hardware, by virtue of the multiple reflections of a subject within the arena. Image sequences were analysed using custom-written automated tracking software, and processed using a self-calibrating bundle adjustment procedure to determine the subject's instantaneous 3-dimensional position. We illustrate our method by using these trajectory data to benchmark the routine flight performance envelope of our flies. Flight speeds were most commonly observed between 1.2 ms−1 and 2.3 ms−1, with a maximum of 2.5 ms−1. Our flies tended to dive faster than they climbed, with a maximum descent rate (−2.4 ms−1) almost double the maximum climb rate (1.2 ms−1). Modal turn rate was around 240°s−1, with maximal rates in excess of 1700°s−1. We used the maximal flight performance we observed during normal flight to construct notional physical limits on the blowfly flight envelope, and used the distribution of observations within that notional envelope to postulate behavioural preferences or physiological and anatomical constraints. The flight trajectories we recorded were never steady: rather they were constantly accelerating or decelerating, with maximum tangential accelerations and maximum centripetal accelerations on the order of 3 g.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1984.0051
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DAHMEN, HJ;ZEIL, J
通讯作者：
ZEIL, J
DOI：
10.1007/s003590050015
发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Olberg, RM;Worthington, AH;Venator, KR
通讯作者：
Venator, KR
DOI：
10.1007/bf00606375
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
NACHTIGALL, W;ROTH, W
通讯作者：
ROTH, W
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Thomas, ALR;Taylor, GK;Bomphrey, RJ
通讯作者：
Bomphrey, RJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Riley, JR;Greggers, U;Menzel, R
通讯作者：
Menzel, R