The effect of preference learning on context effects in multi-alternative, multi-attribute choice

The effect of preference learning on context effects in multi-alternative, multi-attribute choice
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偏好学习对多选择、多属性选择中情境效应的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105365
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Trueblood, Jennifer S.
Trueblood, Jennifer S.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu, Yanjun;Trueblood, Jennifer S.

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在偏好选择领域,长期以来人们一直认为,诸如吸引和妥协效应之类的情境效应是由于偏好的建设性本质而产生的,因此在偏好稳定时不应该出现。我们通过一系列实验来检验这一假设,在这些实验中,参与者有机会体验选择的替代品,并发展出更持久的偏好。在我们的任务中,选项是以基于推理的格式呈现的,因此参与者只需要了解他们对各种选项的偏好,而不是这些选项的客观价值。我们的研究结果表明,当稳定的偏好通过经验形成时,背景效应仍然可以出现。这表明,即使参与者有机会体验选项并了解自己的偏好,多替代方案、多属性决策也可能受到相对评估的影响。我们假设从任务中的经验中学到的是各种属性的权重。通过模型模拟,我们发现,观察到的选择模式,以及捕捉到的模型与不平等的属性权重。第二个发现是,观察到的背景效应的方向是相反的标准效果,似乎是相当强大的。模型模拟表明,保留效应可以通过各种过程产生,包括代表性噪声和比较选项时对优势和劣势的敏感性。
Within the domain of preferential choice, it has long been thought that context effects, such as the attraction and compromise effects, arise due to the constructive nature of preferences and thus should not emerge when preferences are stable. We examined this hypothesis with a series of experiments where participants had the opportunity to experience selected alternatives and develop more enduring preferences. In our tasks, the options are presented in a description-based format so that participants need only learn their preferences for various options rather than the objective values of those options. Our results suggest that context effects can still emerge when stable preferences form through experience. This suggests that multi-alternative, multi-attribute decisions are likely influenced by relative evaluations, even when participants have the opportunity to experience options and learn their preferences. We hypothesize what was learned from experience in our tasks is the weights for various attributes. Through model simulations, we show that the observed choice patterns are well captured by a model with unequal attribute weights. A secondary finding is that the direction of observed context effects is opposite to standard effects and appears to be quite robust. Model simulations show that reserved effects can arise through various processes including representational noise and sensitivity to advantages and disadvantages when comparing options.
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