How kinesin waits for ATP affects the nucleotide and load dependence of the stepping kinetics

How kinesin waits for ATP affects the nucleotide and load dependence of the stepping kinetics
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驱动蛋白等待 ATP 如何影响步进动力学的核苷酸和负载依赖性

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1913650116
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Thirumalai, D.
Thirumalai, D.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Takaki, Ryota;Mugnai, Mauro L.;Goldtzvik, Yonathan;Thirumalai, D.

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传统的驱动蛋白,负责细胞囊泡的定向运输,采取多个几乎均匀的8.2纳米的步骤,每一步消耗一个ATP分子,因为它走向微管(MT)的正端。尽管经过了几十年的深入实验和理论研究,但在阐明驱动蛋白催化循环的关键步骤方面仍存在空白。马达如何等待ATP与主导头部结合是有争议的。使用类似方案的两个实验得出了不同的结论。一个断言,驱动蛋白等待ATP的状态与两个头绑定到MT,而另一个显示,ATP绑定到领先的头部后,尾随头部分离。为了区分这两种情况,我们开发了一个最小模型,该模型分析预测了许多实验可观察量(游程长度分布、速度分布[P(v)]和随机性参数)作为外部阻力(F)和ATP浓度([T])的函数的结果。两个模型之间作为F的函数的P(v)中预测双峰的差异可能适合于实验测试。最重要的是,我们预测的F和[T]依赖的随机性参数不同的定性取决于等待状态。作为F和[T]的函数的随机性参数可以从步进轨迹中定量测量,在数据分析中几乎没有偏见。因此,随机性参数和速度分布作为负载和核苷酸浓度的函数的精确测量可以解决明显的争议。
Conventional kinesin, responsible for directional transport of cellular vesicles, takes multiple nearly uniform 8.2-nm steps by consuming one ATP molecule per step as it walks toward the plus end of the microtubule (MT). Despite decades of intensive experimental and theoretical studies, there are gaps in the elucidation of key steps in the catalytic cycle of kinesin. How the motor waits for ATP to bind to the leading head is controversial. Two experiments using a similar protocol have arrived at different conclusions. One asserts that kinesin waits for ATP in a state with both the heads bound to the MT, whereas the other shows that ATP binds to the leading head after the trailing head detaches. To discriminate between the 2 scenarios, we developed a minimal model, which analytically predicts the outcomes of a number of experimental observable quantities (the distribution of run length, the distribution of velocity [P(v)], and the randomness parameter) as a function of an external resistive force (F) and ATP concentration ([T]). The differences in the predicted bimodality in P(v) as a function of F between the 2 models may be amenable to experimental testing. Most importantly, we predict that the F and [T] dependence of the randomness parameters differ qualitatively depending on the waiting states. The randomness parameters as a function of F and [T] can be quantitatively measured from stepping trajectories with very little prejudice in data analysis. Therefore, an accurate measurement of the randomness parameter and the velocity distribution as a function of load and nucleotide concentration could resolve the apparent controversy.
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