The Effect of Grain Position on Genetic Improvement of Grain Number and Thousand Grain Weight in Winter Wheat in North China.
The Effect of Grain Position on Genetic Improvement of Grain Number and Thousand Grain Weight in Winter Wheat in North China.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2018.00129
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Siddique KHM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng F;Han Y;Wang S;Yin S;Peng Z;Zhou M;Gao W;Wen X;Qin X;Siddique KHM
基因改良对小麦生产做出了重大贡献。在2014-2015年和2015-2016年生长季节进行的田间试验中，种植了20世纪50年代，90年代或2010年代在中国北方广泛种植的五种小麦品种。本研究评价了近60年来我国北方小麦产量及其相关性状的遗传进展，探讨了育种和选择对穗粒数和粒重的影响。结果表明，近60年来小麦产量的显著增加主要是由于穗粒数和粒重的增加，而每m2穗数变化不显著。从20世纪50年代到2010年代，千粒重（TGW）的改善发生在四个谷物位置（G1到G4）。G4对TGW的相对贡献随着时间的推移而增加，但远小于G1，G2和G3的贡献。实际上，G4的平均粒重远小于1000粒的平均粒重。20世纪50年代以来穗粒数的增加主要是由于G1、G2和G3粒数的增加，粒位对粒数的相对贡献为G1 > G2 > G3 > G4。矮秆基因增加了穗粒数和G3、G4期的粒数，但对千粒重无影响。今后，在保持G1和G2产量的基础上，可通过提高G4粒重和G3、G4粒数来提高产量。
Genetic improvements have significantly contributed to wheat production. Five wheat cultivars—widely grown in north China in the 1950s, 1990s, or 2010s—were grown in field experiments conducted in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. This study evaluated the genetic progress in wheat grain yield and its related traits in north China and explored how breeding and selection have influenced grain numbers and weights within spikelets in the past 60 years. The results showed that the significant increases in grain yield in the past 60 years were mainly due to increases in grain number per spike and grain weight, while spike number per m2 has not changed significantly. Improvements in thousand grain weight (TGW) from the 1950s to 2010s have occurred at four grain positions (G1 to G4). The relative contribution of G4 to TGW increased over time, but was much less than the contributions of G1, G2, and G3. Indeed, the average grain weight at G4 was much less than that of 1000 grains. The increase in grain number per spike since the 1950s was mainly due to an increase in grain number at G1, G2 and G3, with the relative contribution of grain position to grain number being G1 > G2 > G3 > G4. Dwarfing genes increased grain number per spike and grain number at G3 and G4, but not TGW. In future, yields could be boosted by enhancing grain weight at G4 and grain number at G3 and G4, while maintaining those at G1 and G2.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Ferrante, Ariel;Savin, Roxana;Slafer, Gustavo A.
通讯作者：
Slafer, Gustavo A.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Green, Andrew J.;Berger, G.;Ahmed, A.
通讯作者：
Ahmed, A.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Flintham, JE;Borner, A;Gale, MD
通讯作者：
Gale, MD
影响因子：
--
作者：
PERRY, MW;DANTUONO, MF
通讯作者：
DANTUONO, MF
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Battenfield, Sarah D.;Klatt, Arthur R.;Raun, William R.
通讯作者：
Raun, William R.