Broken detailed balance at mesoscopic scales in active biological systems.

Broken detailed balance at mesoscopic scales in active biological systems.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.aac8167
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发表时间:
2016-04-29
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
MacKintosh FC
MacKintosh FC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Battle C;Broedersz CP;Fakhri N;Geyer VF;Howard J;Schmidt CF;MacKintosh FC

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Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are not only characterized by time-independent macroscopic properties, but also satisfy the principle of detailed balance in the transitions between microscopic configurations. Living systems function out of equilibrium and are characterized by directed fluxes through chemical states, which violate detailed balance at the molecular scale. Here we introduce a method to probe for broken detailed balance and demonstrate how such nonequilibrium dynamics are manifest at the mesosopic scale. The periodic beating of an isolated flagellum from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits probability flux in the phase space of shapes. With a model, we show how the breaking of detailed balance can also be quantified in stationary, nonequilibrium stochastic systems in the absence of periodic motion. We further demonstrate such broken detailed balance in the nonperiodic fluctuations of primary cilia of epithelial cells. Our analysis provides a general tool to identify nonequilibrium dynamics in cells and tissues.
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