Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)-猫眼课题宝

硫酸盐地球工程对甲烷输运和寿命的影响：地球工程模型比对项目 (GeoMIP) 的结果

DOI：

发表时间：

2017

期刊：

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中科院分区：

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作者：

D. Visioni;G. Pitari;V. Aquila;S. Tilmes;I. Cionni;G. Genova;E. Mancini

摘要。硫酸盐地球工程（SG）通过在热带平流层下层持续注入SO2，通过影响对流层OH的几种光化学机制影响CH4丰度，从而影响甲烷寿命。(a)入射太阳辐射的反射增加了行星反照率，使地表变冷，对流层的水减少。(b)额外的气溶胶散射和平流层臭氧变化打乱了对流层紫外线收支：经向净效应不均匀，热带地区净减少，因此产生较少的对流层O（1D）。(c)来自平流层下层的温带下沉运动倾向于增加对流层中上层可用于非均质化学反应的硫酸盐气溶胶表面积密度，从而减少NOx和O3的生成量。(d)热带平流层下层因气溶胶吸收太阳和行星辐射而变暖。升温速率扰动高度依赖于纬度，在布鲁尔-多布森环流中产生更强的经向分量。平流层-对流层交换增强对对流层OH的净效应可能是正的，也可能是负的，这取决于在温带对流层上层和下层（UTLS）不同叠加的物种扰动（CH4, NOy, O3, SO4）的净结果。此外，对流层冷却和平流层下层变暖导致的大气稳定有利于通过降低水平涡旋混合而进一步减少UTLS温带CH4。利用两个气候化学耦合模型（ULAQ-CCM和GEOSCCM）探讨了上述影响CH4输运和寿命的辐射、化学和动力学机制。如果从2020年开始持续注入8 Tg-SO2 yr - 1， CH4寿命可能会显著延长（约16% %），这意味着对流层CH4增加（200 ppbv），并且由于CH4的变化，硫酸盐地球工程的间接辐射强迫正增加（2040-2049十年+0.10 W m - 2, 2060-2069十年+0.15 W m - 2）。

Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG), made by sustained injection of SO2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the CH4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric OH and hence the methane lifetime. (a) The reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the surface, with a tropospheric H2O decrease. (b) The tropospheric UV budget is upset by the additional aerosol scattering and stratospheric ozone changes: the net effect is meridionally not uniform, with a net decrease in the tropics, thus producing less tropospheric O(1D). (c) The extratropical downwelling motion from the lower stratosphere tends to increase the sulfate aerosol surface area density available for heterogeneous chemical reactions in the mid-to-upper troposphere, thus reducing the amount of NOx and O3 production. (d) The tropical lower stratosphere is warmed by solar and planetary radiation absorption by the aerosols. The heating rate perturbation is highly latitude dependent, producing a stronger meridional component of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The net effect on tropospheric OH due to the enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange may be positive or negative depending on the net result of different superimposed species perturbations (CH4, NOy, O3, SO4) in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In addition, the atmospheric stabilization resulting from the tropospheric cooling and lower stratospheric warming favors an additional decrease of the UTLS extratropical CH4 by lowering the horizontal eddy mixing. Two climate–chemistry coupled models are used to explore the above radiative, chemical and dynamical mechanisms affecting CH4 transport and lifetime (ULAQ-CCM and GEOSCCM). The CH4 lifetime may become significantly longer (by approximately 16 %) with a sustained injection of 8 Tg-SO2 yr−1 starting in the year 2020, which implies an increase of tropospheric CH4 (200 ppbv) and a positive indirect radiative forcing of sulfate geoengineering due to CH4 changes (+0.10 W m−2 in the 2040–2049 decade and +0.15 W m−2 in the 2060–2069 decade).

Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings

DOI： 10.1029/2009jd013728

发表时间： 2010-02

期刊：

Journal of Geophysical Research

影响因子： --

作者：

O. Morgenstern;M. Giorgetta;K. Shibata;V. Eyring;D. Waugh;T. Shepherd;H. Akiyoshi;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;M. Chipperfield;D. Cugnet;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;A. Gettelman;S. Hardiman;M. Hegglin;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;E. Manzini;M. Marchand;M. Michou;Tetsu Nakamura;J. Nielsen;D. Oliviè;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;M. Toohey;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita

通讯作者：

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

硫酸盐地球工程对甲烷输运和寿命的影响：地球工程模型比对项目 (GeoMIP) 的结果

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