New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.
New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Damaj MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson KJ;Muldoon PP;De Biasi M;Damaj MI
与烟草使用有关的疾病是全世界的一个主要健康问题。一旦停止使用烟草，依赖者就会出现令人不快的戒断综合征。避免尼古丁戒断所产生的负面状态是促进戒烟后继续使用烟草和复吸的动机因素。由于目前可用的戒烟疗法的成功率不高，了解尼古丁戒断综合征的机制对于开发成功的治疗方法至关重要。动物模型为研究神经适应机制和影响尼古丁戒断的因素（包括性别、年龄和遗传因素）提供了有用的工具。此类研究还确定了烟碱受体亚型在尼古丁戒断综合征的不同方面的重要作用（例如，物理与情感信号）。除了烟碱受体，阿片和内源性大麻素系统，各种信号转导途径，神经递质和神经肽已涉及尼古丁戒断综合征。动物研究为人类研究提供了遗传变异和戒烟疗法的潜在靶点。总体而言，现有文献表明尼古丁戒断综合征是复杂的，涉及一系列神经生物学机制。随着尼古丁戒断研究的进展，可以为试图戒烟的吸烟者确定新的药理学选择，并且可以提供更好地针对患者独特特征的副作用更少的治疗方法。
Diseases associated with tobacco use constitute a major health problem worldwide. Upon cessation of tobacco use, an unpleasant withdrawal syndrome occurs in dependent individuals. Avoidance of the negative state produced by nicotine withdrawal represents a motivational component that promotes continued tobacco use and relapse after smoking cessation. With the modest success rate of currently available smoking cessation therapies, understanding mechanisms involved in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome are crucial for developing successful treatments. Animal models provide a useful tool for examining neuroadaptative mechanisms and factors influencing nicotine withdrawal, including sex, age, and genetic factors. Such research has also identified an important role for nicotinic receptor subtypes in different aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome (e.g., physical vs. affective signs). In addition to nicotinic receptors, the opioid and endocannabinoid systems, various signal transduction pathways, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides have been implicated in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Animal studies have informed human studies of genetic variants and potential targets for smoking cessation therapies. Overall, the available literature indicates that the nicotine withdrawal syndrome is complex, and involves a range of neurobiological mechanisms. As research in nicotine withdrawal progresses, new pharmacological options for smokers attempting to quit can be identified, and treatments with fewer side effects that are better tailored to the unique characteristics of patients may become available.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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