Genetic diversity and disease: The past, present, and future of an old idea.
Genetic diversity and disease: The past, present, and future of an old idea.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.14395
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发表时间：
2022-03
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
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--
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为什么传染病会在一些宿主人群中爆发，而不是在其他宿主人群中爆发？这个问题催生了进化论、生态学、公共卫生、农业和自然保护等独立领域的研究。在寻找预测寄生性变异的环境和遗传因素时，有一种假设因其普遍性和持久性而脱颖而出：与遗传多样性的种群相比，遗传同质的寄主种群更有可能经历严重的寄生。在这篇透视文章中，我借鉴了来自进化生物学、农业和保护的重叠思想，以捕捉遗传多样性和疾病之间联系的深远影响。我首先概述了这一假设的发展和实验检验的结果。鉴于遗传多样性的保护作用得到了令人信服的支持，我接下来将回答以下问题：1)从基本和应用的角度来看，这一想法已经在哪里得到了应用，我们如何才能更好地利用遗传多样性来限制疾病的传播？2)已建立的疾病-多样性关系迫使我们检验哪些新的假设？我的结论是，监测、保存和扩大遗传多样性是我们最有希望的进化信息战略之一，可以缓冲野生、驯养和人类种群，防止未来爆发。
Why do infectious diseases erupt in some host populations and not others? This question has spawned independent fields of research in evolution, ecology, public health, agriculture, and conservation. In the search for environmental and genetic factors that predict variation in parasitism, one hypothesis stands out for its generality and longevity: genetically homogeneous host populations are more likely to experience severe parasitism than genetically diverse populations. In this perspective piece, I draw on overlapping ideas from evolutionary biology, agriculture, and conservation to capture the far-reaching implications of the link between genetic diversity and disease. I first summarize the development of this hypothesis and the results of experimental tests. Given the convincing support for the protective effect of genetic diversity, I then address the following questions: 1) Where has this idea been put to use, in a basic and applied sense, and how can we better use genetic diversity to limit disease spread?; 2) What new hypotheses does the established disease-diversity relationship compel us to test? I conclude that monitoring, preserving, and augmenting genetic diversity is one of our most promising evolutionarily-informed strategies for buffering wild, domesticated, and human populations against future outbreaks.
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