Modified Social Force Model Based on Predictive Collision Avoidance Considering Degree of Competitiveness
Modified Social Force Model Based on Predictive Collision Avoidance Considering Degree of Competitiveness
复制标题
考虑竞争程度的基于预测防撞的修正社会力模型
DOI：
10.1007/s10694-016-0573-7
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Zhang Hui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao Yuan;Chen Tao;Luh Peter B.;Zhang Hui
对火灾紧急情况下的建筑物疏散进行建模是一个重要问题。社会力模型是一种备受推崇的疏散建模技术，它已被集成到NIST的火灾动态疏散模拟器（FDS + Evac）中以模拟建筑火灾疏散。然而，这些模型仍然存在有待改进的局限性。首先，可能会不切实际地阻止乘员的移动。例如，门角会对居住者施加不切实际的排斥力，因此窄门处的模拟流量比实验数据小得多。其次，没有考虑居住者的竞争力程度。最后，当前的模型很少通过现实生活中紧急情况的数据进行验证，在这种情况下，居住者的行为可能与正常情况不同。在本文中，用新的社会力量取代旧的社会力量来改变乘员的防撞行为：车头时距和碰撞时间都被视为潜在碰撞的指标，如果车头时距或碰撞时间达到阈值，社会力量就会活跃。用一个参数来表示乘员的竞争力程度如何影响他们的避碰能力。修改后的模型经过实验室实验和真实紧急疏散验证。首先，利用非竞争情况下的模拟流量与门宽之间的关系进行验证。在模拟中，最初分布在 9 m × 4 m 区域的 94 名居住者从门处撤离。模拟通过宽度为0.6 m至1.2 m的门的流量与实验数据一致。其次，研究竞争力的影响。仿真结果表明，竞争力是否加速或减慢通过门的疏散速度受到初始乘员数量、门宽度以及门外其他乘员的影响。最后，竞争情况下的模拟结果与现实生活中的紧急疏散数据一致。所使用的数据是从地震中乘客通过安全门从机场撤离的视频记录中提取的。模拟结果无论是总疏散时间还是拥堵发生时间都与现实数据一致。
Modeling building evacuation during fire emergencies is an important issue. The social force model is a well-regarded evacuation modeling technique, and it has been integrated into the Fire Dynamics Simulator with Evacuation (FDS + Evac) of NIST to simulate building fire evacuation. However, these models still have limitations to be improved. First, occupants’ movement can be unrealistically prevented. For example, the corner of doors exerts unrealistic repulsive forces on occupants, so the simulated flow at narrow doors is much smaller than experimental data. Second, the degree of occupants’ competitiveness is not considered. Finally, current models are rarely validated by data form real-life emergencies, in which occupants may behave differently from normal situations. In this paper, new social forces are used to replace old ones to modify occupants’ collision avoidance: both time headway and time-to-collision are viewed as indicators of potential collisions, and social forces are active if time headway or time-to-collision reaches thresholds. A parameter is used to represent how the degree of occupants’ competitiveness affects their collision avoidance. The modified model is validated by both lab experiments and real emergency evacuation. First, the relation between simulated flow and door width in non-competitive situation is used for validation. In the simulation, 94 occupants, initially distributed in a 9 m - by - 4 m area, evacuate from a door. The simulated flow rates through doors of width ranging from 0.6 m to 1.2 m are consistent with the experimental data. Second, effects of competitiveness are studied. Simulation results show that whether competitiveness speeds up or slow down the evacuation through a door is affected by the initial number of occupants, door width, and other occupants outside the door. Finally, simulation results in competitive situation are consistent with data from a real-life emergency evacuation. The data used is extracted from a video recording occupants evacuating from an airport through a security gate in an earthquake. Simulation results are consistent with the real-life data in both the total evacuation time and the time when congestion occurred.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2010.10.019
发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Xiaolin Yang;Zhongliang Wu;Yingchun Li
通讯作者：
Xiaolin Yang;Zhongliang Wu;Yingchun Li
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
L. Chalmet;Richard L. Francis;P. B. Saunders
通讯作者：
L. Chalmet;Richard L. Francis;P. B. Saunders
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
C. M. Zhao;Siuming Lo;S. Zhang;M. Liu
通讯作者：
C. M. Zhao;Siuming Lo;S. Zhang;M. Liu
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Seyfried, Armin;Passon, Oliver;Klingsch, Wolfram
通讯作者：
Klingsch, Wolfram
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
CHALMET, LG;FRANCIS, RL;SAUNDERS, PB
通讯作者：
SAUNDERS, PB