Peripheral macrophages drive CNS disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome.

Peripheral macrophages drive CNS disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome.
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DOI:
10.1111/bpa.13192
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发表时间:
2023-11
期刊:
Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
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亚急性坏死性脑病或Leigh综合征(LS)是遗传性线粒体疾病最常见的儿科表现。LS是一种多系统疾病,伴有严重的神经系统、代谢和肌肉骨骼症状。脑干中存在进行性、对称性和坏死性病变是该疾病的定义特征,也是发病率和死亡率的主要原因,但其发病机制尚不清楚。最近,我们证明了高剂量Pexidartinib(一种CSF 1 R抑制剂)可预防Ndufs 4(−/−)LS小鼠模型中的LS CNS病变和全身性疾病。虽然本研究中的剂量反应涉及外周免疫细胞,但涉及的免疫群体尚未阐明。在这里,我们使用了一种靶向遗传工具,即删除殖民地刺激因子1受体(CSF 1 R)巨噬细胞超级增强子FIRE(Csf 1 r ΔFIRE),以特异性地消除小胶质细胞并确定小胶质细胞在LS发病机制中的作用。Csf 1 r ΔFIRE等位基因的纯合性消除了对照动物和Ndufs 4(-/-)动物中的小胶质细胞,但Ndufs 4(-/-)中中枢神经系统病变和后遗症的发生(包括死亡率)仅受到小胶质细胞耗尽的轻微影响。尽管小胶质细胞仍然缺失,但坏死性中枢神经系统病变的总体发展并未改变。最后,脑干病变的组织学分析提供了外周巨噬细胞在特征性CNS病变中的因果作用的直接证据。这些数据表明,外周巨噬细胞在Ndufs 4(−/−)模型中的疾病发病机制中起关键作用。小胶质细胞和外周巨噬细胞在Leigh综合征的Ndufs 4(−/−)小鼠模型中促成CNS病理学,而外周巨噬细胞单独足以驱动小胶质细胞缺陷的Ndufs 4(−/−)动物的疾病。(A-B)Ndufs 4(-/-)/Csf 1 r(wt/wt)(A)和Ndufs 4(-/-)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)(B)小鼠的皮质,对泛巨噬细胞标志物IBA 1(红色)和小胶质细胞特异性标志物P2 YR 12(绿色)进行染色; DNA与DAPI共染色(蓝色)。小胶质细胞在Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)皮质中通过IBA 1和P2 YR 12染色均不存在。(C-D)Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(wt/wt)(C)和Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)(D)小鼠的脑干病变,对泛巨噬细胞标记物IBA 1和小胶质细胞特异性标记物P2 YR 12进行染色。在两种基因型中均存在对泛巨噬细胞标记物IBA 1呈阳性的细胞,而在Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)动物的脑干病变中的细胞中不存在P2 YR 12染色。注意事项:病变部位周围的P2 YR 12染色似乎不是细胞来源的,并且被认为反映了聚集的血小板的存在,其为P2 YR 12阳性。(E-F)Ndufs 4(-/-)/Csf 1 r(wt/wt)(E)和Ndufs 4(-/-)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)(F)小鼠的皮质,对泛巨噬细胞标志物IBA 1(红色)和外周白细胞标志物CD 45(绿色)进行染色; DNA与DAPI共染色(蓝色)。Ndufs 4(-/-)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)皮质中不存在小胶质细胞,并且小胶质细胞(根据IBA 1阳性和形态学)不表达CD 45(E)。两种基因型中均存在少量CD 45阳性致密细胞,推测为循环白细胞。(G-H)Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(wt/wt)(G)和Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)(H)小鼠的脑干病变,对泛巨噬细胞标志物IBA 1和外周白细胞标志物CD 45进行染色。CD 45阳性细胞存在于Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)和Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(wt/wt)病变中,而Ndufs 4(−/−)/Csf 1 r(fr/fr)病变中的大多数或所有IBA 1阳性细胞似乎对外周血白细胞标志物CD 45呈阳性。CD 45和IBA 1的共染色指示外周巨噬细胞。
Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, or Leigh syndrome (LS), is the most common pediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial disease. LS is a multi‐system disorder with severe neurologic, metabolic, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of progressive, symmetric, and necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are a defining feature of the disease, and the major cause of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis have been elusive. Recently, we demonstrated that high‐dose pexidartinib, a CSF1R inhibitor, prevents LS CNS lesions and systemic disease in the Ndufs4(−/−) mouse model of LS. While the dose–response in this study implicated peripheral immune cells, the immune populations involved have not yet been elucidated. Here, we used a targeted genetic tool, deletion of the colony‐stimulating Factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) macrophage super‐enhancer FIRE (Csf1rΔFIRE), to specifically deplete microglia and define the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of LS. Homozygosity for the Csf1rΔFIRE allele ablates microglia in both control and Ndufs4(−/−) animals, but onset of CNS lesions and sequalae in the Ndufs4(−/−), including mortality, are only marginally impacted by microglia depletion. The overall development of necrotizing CNS lesions is not altered, though microglia remain absent. Finally, histologic analysis of brainstem lesions provides direct evidence of a causal role for peripheral macrophages in the characteristic CNS lesions. These data demonstrate that peripheral macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of disease in the Ndufs4(−/−) model. Microglia and peripheral macrophages contribute to CNS pathology in the Ndufs4(−/−) mouse model of Leigh syndrome, while peripheral macrophages alone are sufficient to drive disease in microglia−deficient Ndufs4(−/−) animals. (A−B) Cortex of Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (wt/wt) (A) and Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) (B) mice stained for the pan−macrophage marker IBA1 (red) and the microglia−specific marker P2YR12 (green); DNA is co−stained with DAPI (blue). Microglia are absent by both IBA1 and P2YR12 staining in the Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) cortex. (C−D) Brainstem lesions from Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (wt/wt) (C) and Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) (D) mice stained for the pan−macrophage marker IBA1 and the microglia−specific marker P2YR12. Cells positive for IBA1, the pan−macrophage marker, are present in both genotypes, while P2YR12 staining is absent in cells in the brainstem lesions of Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) animals. Note: the P2YR12 staining surrounding the lesion site does not appear to be cellular in origin, and is thought to reflect the presence of aggregated platelets, which are P2YR12 positive. (E−F) Cortex of Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (wt/wt) (E) and Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) (F) mice stained for the pan−macrophage marker IBA1 (red) and the peripheral leukocyte marker CD45 (green); DNA is co−stained with DAPI (blue). Microglia are absent in the Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) cortex, and microglia (by IBA1 posivitivy and morphology) do not express CD45 (E). A few compact cells with CD45 positivity are present in both genotypes, presumed to be circulating leukocytes. (G−H) Brainstem lesions in Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (wt/wt) (G) and Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) (H) mice stained for the pan−macrophage marker IBA1 and the peripheral leukocyte marker CD45. CD45 positive cells are present in both in the Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) and Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (wt/wt) lesions, while most or all IBA1 positive cells in the Ndufs4(−/−)/Csf1r (fr/fr) lesion appear to be positive for the peripheral leukocyte marker CD45. Co−staining of CD45 and IBA1 is indicative of peripheral macrophages.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006214107
发表时间: 2010-06-15
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Quintana, Albert;Kruse, Shane E.;Palmiter, Richard D.
通讯作者: Palmiter, Richard D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.128
发表时间: 2010-11-05
影响因子: 3.1
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DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.002
发表时间: 2018-07
影响因子: 8.1
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Wischhof L;Gioran A;Sonntag-Bensch D;Piazzesi A;Stork M;Nicotera P;Bano D
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DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00040-0
发表时间: 1998-06-01
期刊: MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子: --
作者:
Ito, D;Imai, Y;Kohsaka, S
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DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040302
发表时间: 2022-11
期刊: STROKE
影响因子: 8.3
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Ye, Fenghui;Yang, Jinting;Hua, Ya;Keep, Richard F.;Xi, Guohua
通讯作者: Xi, Guohua