Mapuche youth between exclusion and the future: protest, civic society and participation in Chile

Mapuche youth between exclusion and the future: protest, civic society and participation in Chile
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被排斥与未来之间的马普切青年:智利的抗议、公民社会和参与

DOI:
10.1080/14733285.2014.964667
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Children's Geographies
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Radcliffe S
Radcliffe S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Radcliffe S

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在智利,土著马普切青少年陷入僵局,一方面是父母的愿望和新自由主义教育进程,另一方面是与种族主义和往往被污名化的土著人口和景观的情感和社会联系。这篇论文借鉴了生命连接词的概念[Johnson-Hanks,J.2002]。<论人种志中生命阶段的限度:走向生命结合的理论>,《美国人类学家》104(3):865-880],以探讨青年在过渡到成年过程中面临的矛盾[Jeffrey,C.2010]。<儿童和青年的地理I:侵蚀的生活地图>,《人类地理进展》34(4):496-505。并考虑表达这些收缩的空间-领土动态[Smith,S.H.2012]。<‘心无所属’:不守规矩的青春、世代的眩晕与领地>,《IBG38(4):572-585》。本文探讨了年轻的原住民农村中学生对他们的生活轨迹和社会政治联系的理解。该文件显示,尽管土著青年表达了对其未来的渴望甚至希望[参看。克拉夫特,2008页。“年轻人、希望和童年--希望”,“空间和文化”11(2):81-92],最好在持续种族排斥的背景下分析这些表达,以及这使他们在与土著社区和家庭成员的关系方面处于一种情感上的沉重境地。在为期一年的深入定性研究的基础上,本文概述了马普切农村青年主体的信念、实践和身份认同,他们夹在父母的经历和他们希望居住的智利之间,拥有工作、地位和机会。本文认为,重要的连词并不是现代历史“事件”的单一时刻,因为它们往往在以前的文献中被解释。相反,重要的契机来自并直接涉及较长期的历史,尤其是在发生殖民后排斥的全球南方的背景下。
In Chile, indigenous Mapuche teenagers are caught in a deadlock between, on the one hand, parental aspirations and neo-liberal educational processes, and on the other, affective and social ties to a racialized and often stigmatized indigenous population and landscapes. The paper draws on the concept of vital conjuncture [Johnson-Hanks, J. 2002. “On the Limits of Life Stages in Ethnography: Toward a Theory of Vital Conjunctures.”American Anthropologist104 (3): 865–880] to explore the contradictions facing youth in transitions to adulthood [Jeffrey, C. 2010. “Geographies of children and youth I: eroding maps of Life.”Progress in Human Geography34 (4): 496–505.] and to consider the spatial–territorial dynamics through which these contractions are expressed [Smith, S. H. 2012. “‘In the Heart, There's Nothing’: Unruly Youth, Generational Vertigo and Territory.”Transactions of the IBG38 (4): 572–585]. The paper explores young indigenous rural secondary students' understandings of their life trajectories and socio-political conjunctures. The paper shows that although indigenous young people express aspirations and even hope regarding their futures [cf. Kraftl, P. 2008. “Young People, Hope and Childhood-Hope.”Space and Culture11 (2): 81–92], these expressions are best analysed in the context of ongoing racial exclusions, and the emotionally freighted situation this places them in regarding ties to indigenous communities and family members. Drawing on one year's in-depth qualitative research, the paper outlines the beliefs, practices and identities of rural Mapuche youth subjects caught between parents' experiences, and the Chile they want to inhabit with jobs, status and opportunity. The paper argues that vital conjunctures are not singular moments of modern historical ‘events', as they have tended to be construed in the previous literature. Rather, vital conjunctures arise from and directly engage longer-term histories, not least in contexts of the global South where postcolonial exclusion occurs.
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